Over 70% of the planet's surface is covered by water. A universal solvent, water can dissolve a wide variety of compounds. The majority of water contamination is caused by human activity. Increasing water use and pollution are to blame for the current shortage of fresh water supplies. Population expansion, agricultural runoff, and municipal wastewater are the primary sources of pollution in the river. To conduct the study, the logical chain was developed. For the review, open sources of scientific information were used. The focus was on publications from the last 10 years and at the same time; earlier works were taken into accounts that have useful information for this study, which were identified in the list of references when studying recent sources. The number of sources published earlier than 10 years ago does not exceed 7% of the total number of references. The present study aims to determine the optimum conditions for best removal of contaminants as the review focuses on advancement in Ozonation/AOP technology, different type of methods used for drugs removal and different operating condition. Various modern treatment procedures make extensive use of drinking water treatment plants. Water shortages in countries can be alleviated by implementing some of the recommendations made in the research. More catchment areas need to be developed; strict management policies and guidelines should be implemented. Ozonation can also more effectively remove certain personal care products (PPCPs) from the skin. Recycled water can be disinfected using ozonation, which breaks down ozone in water. When ozone is used in this way, it is an effective parasiticide, germicide, and virucidal agent. It can also remove the chroma compounds, smells, infections, and many micro-pollutants simultaneously. Ozone-based AOP should be studied in the future to see whether it is cost-effective and to see if it consumes more energy than other traditional treatment methods.

The pros and cons of using the bioremediation method for the removal of petroleum pollutants are discussed in this review article. Other methods along with bioremediation have been used to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the past. Bioremediation is cheap and efficient method than any other because major constituents of the crude oils are biodegradable. Despite the fact that, as compared to physicochemical strategies, longer periods are normally required, complete pollutant degradation can be achieved, and no further containment of the contaminated matrix is required. According to hydrocarbon present in the contaminants different strategies and organism are used for the bioremediation. Common strategies include controlling environmental factors such as oxygen availability, hydrocarbon solubility, nutrient balance and managing hydrocarbon degrading bacteria by eliminating the rate limiting factors that may slow down the bioremediation rate. Microorganism dynamics during bioremediation is most important for understanding how they respond, adapt and remediate pollution. However, bioremediation can be considered one of the best technologies to deal with petroleum product contaminants.

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This paper has investigated the nanostructured samples of zinc oxide intended for use as a gas sensor. Experimental samples were obtained by the economical sol-gel method, suitable for large-scale production. The dependence of the efficiency of gas sensors based on zinc oxide on temperature was established. The electrical properties of experimental samples were investigated in the air in the range of values of the initial voltage of 5–30 V and at temperatures of 320, 370, and 450 K. It was established that the current-voltage characteristic for nanosized zinc oxide is non-ohmic, but the nature of the curves can change due to an increase in the operating temperature. The obtained experimental dependences are explained by the peculiarities of the morphology of the obtained nanostructured zinc oxide, which affects the value of the contact resistance in the structure. A large number of nanoscale particles leads to an increase in the number of energy barriers, which negatively affects the sensitivity of experimental samples to the gaseous medium. The study of the sensitivity of samples to the established gaseous medium, namely 100 ppm CO, was carried out. The electrical conductivity of zinc oxide is determined by oxygen vacancies that are electron donors, and, accordingly, the conductivity activation energy is determined by the donor levels formed by vacancies in the ZnO forbidden zone. During heating, there is a decrease in the resistance of the sample with increasing temperature; electrical conductivity is determined by the thermal generation of electrons. Understanding the dependence of the sensor sensitivity on temperature and the use of sensitive ZnO layers of different morphology will make it possible to recognize gaseous components in a complex mixture.

The purpose to highlight and focus on the most important risks of forest fires in radiationcontaminated areas, with some detailing of the problem in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). The search strategy was to collect a sufficient number of relevant publications in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Mendeley, ResearchGate, GoogleScholar from 2006 to the present in English, Russian, Ukrainian. Requests were made on the topics "Forest fires in a radioactively contaminated area" and "Assessing the territories' radiation safety", as well as for the keywords of this study. Analysis of available open information about the CEZ was done. Although, in the future, temperatures are expected to rise in contaminated forests, and the amount of precipitation will remain the same or slightly decrease, which will contribute to an increase in the frequency of fires. Considering the socio-economic situation in Ukraine, the introduction of early detection systems is more profitable than the elimination of the consequences of such emergencies. Investigations have been studied, which were published after 2006 only in English, Russian, and Ukrainian. The most attention is paid to Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Despite the fact that a lot of studies are devoted to the study of the ecological situation in radioactively contaminated areas, many issues related to safety still concern the population living in this area. The reason for this is intermittent fires, which again and again cover large areas with smoke and cannot be extinguished for a long time. To eliminate anxiety, it is necessary to convey truthful information to the population in the most accessible and convincing way. It was a critical look at numerous studies in this area that made it possible to present concentrated information understandable for most segments of the population. The document concentrates on the most key problems of fires in radioactive forests, shows the intensity of the radionuclides impact on the population and the exposure ways, as well as the probable risks. Such information is necessary to reduce the psychological stress that can be caused by the media influence. Objectively understood situation promotes constructive action in extreme conditions and reduces the likelihood of panic.