No abstract

This study evaluates on the possibility of using gold nanoparticles functionalized with the luminol derivative N‐(aminobutyl)‐N‐(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI) and hybridized with graphene oxide nanoribbons on a carbon based screen‐printed electrode (ABEI‐AuNP‐GONR/SPE) as an enzymatic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) urea sensor. The electrocatalytic activity and ECL intensity of ABEI‐AuNP‐GONR/SPE were found to increase proportionally with the concentration of urea in the analyte sample, owing to the rise in pH value. These phenomena are attributed to increased formation of luminol monoanion precursors for further electrochemical oxidation, which in turn produce either luminol radicals or excited 3‐amino‐phthalate molecules. The luminescence is most likely caused by the interaction of luminol radicals with superoxide radicals formed from dissolved oxygen. The sensitivity of our sensor was determined to be 170.58 mM−1 and 16.23 mM−1 for urea concentrations from 2 to 5.82 mM and from 5.82 to 30 mM, respectively, covering the normal urea level in human blood.

Currently, there is a huge demand for secondary school education worldwide especially in the developing countries such as Vietnam. School leadership is occupying a central position in educational reform. In order to meet this for the secondary school education, the Vietnamese government tries to develop effective school leadership in its education policy agenda. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of factors on instructional leadership of principals in lower secondary education. The study was completed with 97 secondary public schools teachers and principals in the North of Vietnam. A quantitative research design was used to conduct this study. The data was analyzed through factors such as internal and external from the role of principal in instructional leadership. Research findings underline that instructional leadership is had directly by external such as “The degree of autonomy of the school for instructional activities”, “Awareness of the managers and teachers about leading teaching activities” and “education innovation” more internal such as “System of guiding documents of management levels on teaching activities”; “Conditions of facilities and finance for school teaching activities” and “Principal’s training level” Principals should recognize the change of the context and enhance the improvement of teachers’ shared responsibility and partnership in school decision making. Therefore, the Vietnamese government should make sure to have many positive issues that may have effective instructional leadership capacity in order to improve the culture of teaching and learning in Vietnames secondary schools.

The possible use of an electrode modified with electroactive conductive poly(3-methylthiophene) (PMeT)/ Nafion as a chemical sensor was investigated for the voltammetric analysis of Dopamine (DA). The electrochemical behavior of dopamine was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. By using a PMeT-modified glassy carbon (GC/PMeT) electrode, DA and Ascorbic Acid (AA) signals could be separated but the AA at high concentrations still caused significant interference by overlapping the DA peak. In comparison to the GC/PMeT electrode, the glassy carbon (GC/Nafion/PMeT) electrode modified with hybrid film Nafion/PMeT was found to permit a superior separation by shifting the oxidation of AA peak toward the less positive potential. The DPV curves for a mixture of DA and AA at an GC/Nafion/PMeT electrode in a 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 solution showed peaks of DA and AA, at 0.45 and 0.21 V, respectively, indicating that the difference in the oxidation potential was 240 mV. In the 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 solution, the oxidation peak current on the differential pulse voltammograms for the GC/PMeT electrode increased linearly with the concentration of DA in the range 1 9 10 -6 to 1 9 10 -3 M, and the oxidation peak current on the differential pulse voltammograms for the GC/Nafion/PMeT electrode in the range 5 9 10 -7 to 2 9 10 -4 M. The DA detection sensitivity of the GC/Nafion/PMeT electrode (26.7 lA lM -1 cm -2 ) was 22 times higher than that of the GC/PMeT electrode (1.21 lA lM -1 cm -2 ).

Teacher education universities and schools have traditionally been the main sites of teacher learning in Vietnam. This relationship is the key in the process national curriculum innovation. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between teacher education universities and schools in Vietnam, in regard to partnering for the delivery of teacher education adapting national curriculum innovation in Vietnam. Data will be collected through questions involving 243 participants comprising student teachers, university lecturers and mentors. The result of this paper also uses semi-structured interviews to draw conclusions. The findings show that there is a model for teacher education universities - schools cooperation in teacher preparation. However, the partnership is limited by such factors such as planning, mentoring, practicum, teacher education universities visits to schools, communication and inconsistencies that seemed to characters the relationship. The findings suggest that the partnership between pedagogy universities and schools can be enhanced by recognizing the interdependent nature of the relationship, the diversification of areas of universities - schools joint activity, and increased closely conversations between the partners about problems which are suitable to the arrangement. The result of the research may provide insights into factors that focus on undermining the effectiveness of partnerships, as well as the implications of these for the professional development of prospective teachers.