Background: The incidence of coronary artery diseases is 3 to 5 times higher in both male and female diabetic patients compared to general population. Individuals with diabetes may have several forms of dyslipidemia leading to additive cardiovascular risk of hyperglycemia. This study was therefore conducted to identify the levels of lipidemia in the diabetic patients in our area. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 diabetic and 100 healthy patients, with 50 patients were males and 50 were females in both groups. Blood was collected in sodium fluoride tubes for all the patients for the estimation of glucose (both fasting and post prandial) and in serum tubes for lipids such as Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, High density cholesterol, Low density cholesterol and Very low density cholesterol. Results: The total cholesterol among the males who were diabetic was in the normal range in 46% and high in 20% of the patients. Among the control, i.e. non diabetic patients, 76% of them had total cholesterol in the normal range and high cholesterol levels were observed in only 8% of them. The levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL were significantly higher in the patients with diabetes, compared to the non diabetic patients. HDL in these patients was significantly low. Conclusions: The incidence of raised lipid levels in the diabetic patients is very high and since the elevated levels of lipids especially in these patients can lead to CHD and its complications, it is important for the monitoring of these levels throughout the course of the disease.Keywords: Coronary heart disease, Diabetes, Elevated lipid levels Veeramalla V et al. Int J Adv Med. 2017 Dec;4(6):1573-1577 International Journal of Advances in Medicine | November-December 2017 | Vol 4 | Issue 6 Page 1574 Type 2 diabetes is said to be associated with a cluster of interrelated plasma lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities, including reduced HDL cholesterol and elevated triglycerides.2 These abnormalities are seen in many patients in spite of normal LDL cholesterol levels. These changes are also seen in the insulin resistance syndrome which underlies in many cases of type 2 diabetes. The pre-diabetic individuals often exhibit an atherogenic pattern of risk factors that includes higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides and lower levels of HDL cholesterol than individuals who do not develop diabetes. 3,4 Insulin resistance has striking effects on lipoprotein particle concentrations for VLDL, LDL, and HDL. 5,6 The high risk status of these groups of patients and their need for more aggressive lipid lowering therapy have been recognized by both the National Cholesterol Education Program and American Diabetes Associations. 7,8 In 2000, diabetes mellitus was the third leading cause of mortality in some parts of the world, accounting for approximately 10% of all deaths, especially in those aged between 45-64 years. The number of diabetic patients in the world has been estimated more than 175 million. Diabetes mellitus ...

Butyrylcholinesterase which is also known as pseudocholinesterase, plasma cholinesterase, BCHE or BuChE, is a non-specific cholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyses different choline esters. Primarily found in the liver, it is very similar to the neuronal ABSTRACT Background: Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from cells originating in the cervix, almost always caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Butyrylcholinesterase is a non-specific cholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyses different choline esters. PCHE levels were lower than the normal at all the stages of cancer cervix. The present study was attempted to find out the role of some of the biochemical markers like serum pseudocholinesterase (PCHE), serum aspartate transaminase (AST), and serum alanine transaminase (ALT), in malignancy of the uterine cervix. Methods: 60 patients aged between 30 -70 years who were having cervical cancer were included into the study and 30 healthy patients within the same age group were included as controls. 5ml of venous blood was collected from all the study participants under aseptic conditions in a plain tube. Serum Pseudocholinesterase, Serum Aspartate transaminase and Serum Alanine transaminase was estimated for all the patients in both the groups. Results: The mean value of pseudocholinesterase in cervical cancer patients was lower in the cases when compared to controls and it was statistically significant (P value 0.0005), while the mean value of serum AST and ALT were higher in cases when compared to controls and it were also statistically significant. When compared with Pearson's coefficient, the serum PChE had a significant negative correlation with AST and ALT, while the serum AST had a significant positive correlation with ALT and a negative correlation with PChE. Conclusions: Among the women with cervical cancer, it was observed that the enzyme activity of PChE was lower than normal, while that of SGPT and SGOT were higher. PCHE, AST, and ALT can be used as tumor markers in the management of malignancy of the uterine cervix.

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Hyperkalemia is one of the few potentially lethal electrolyte disturbances. Prompt recognition and treatment of severe hyperkalemia are expected to save lives. Electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperkalemia vary from the classic sine-wave rhythm, which occurs in severe hyperkalemia, to nonspecific repolarization abnormalities seen with mild elevations of serum potassium. We present a case of hyperkalemia and review of causes of hyperkalemia is presented, examining the electrophysiological and electrocardiographic changes that occur as serum potassium levels increase.

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