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The protein handling within the nephron seems to depend largely on the molecular weight (MW) of proteins. Serum macromolecules are retained by the normal glomerular system while smaller microproteins are cleared according to their size and reabsorbed by the tubular cells by pinocytosis (1, 2). Damage to both the glomerular and tubular systems leads to protein losses in the urine (3). Quantitation of the total urinary protein permits the conclusion as to its glomerular origin only in the case of proteinurias of 3 gj24 h or more, while proteinurias of smaller extent as a more frequent event need further differentiation. For this purpose the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide (SDS-P AA) electrophoresis -as compared to more time consuming gel chromatographies (3) -has proven to be a method for quick and reproducible separation of urinary proteins according to their molecular weight.The purpose of analyzing about 600 individual urine samples by this method was: (1) Are different patterns of proteinuria correlated to diseases of various parts of the nephron as seen by histology?, and (2) which conclusions might be drawn by observing transitory and permanent proteinurias regarding the pathogenesis of proteinuria in man? Materials and Methods Detailed methods have been reported elsewhere (4).Patients 24-hour urines were collected from patients of the medical clinic, medical policlinic (Prof. Dr. Kluthe) and pediatric clinic (Dr. Schindera) of the University of Freiburg. The histological diagnoses in most biopsied cases were done by Prof. Bohle, Tiibingen, the rest by Prof. Thoenes, Marburg, and by the Institute of Pathology, Freiburg.

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Arterial blood pressure, 24 h urinary excretion, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 24 patients with unilateral kidney were compared with an age and sex matched control group of healthy persons. Of the patients with unilateral kidney, 13 were uninephrectomized and 11 patients had a congenital unilateral kidney. The 24 h urinary protein excretion in patients with one kidney was significantly higher (630 +/- 51 mg/24 h) compared to the control group (206 +/- 36 mg/24 h). The arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressures and GFR did not differ in both groups. Furthermore, no differences were found between patients with unilateral kidneys following nephrectomy or renal agenesis. This study shows that mild proteinuria occurs in patients with unilateral kidney. An increased risk for deterioration in renal function or severe arterial hypertension was not detected in this investigation.