The aim of this paper is to verify whether Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA used earnings management via operating decisions, when faced with reporting unfavourable results, in order to avoid disclosing losses. Using panel data covering years from 2008 to 2013 in estimated regression models, the paper focuses on three ways of manipulating financial results through operational decisions: by manipulating sales; by reducing selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A); and by increasing production to report lower costs of goods sold. The results show that the companies did use SG&A to avoid reporting losses, but did not manipulate sales or levels of production for such purposes. The evidence presented suggests that in Brazil managers are only able to manipulate operational activities by reducing operating expenses (SG&A), probably due a lack of flexibility in the production process and the cash flow constraints faced by Brazilian companies. From a users' perspective, this paper finds that companies do use earnings management via operating decisions to avoid disclosing losses to capital markets, which is consistent with the Prospect Theory.
This study aims to provide a disclosure index of disseminated informations about intangible assets of listed companies on São Paulo Stock Exchange Index (Ibovespa) referring to 2010, noting the criteria for recognition, measurement, and recording of these assets as specified by the CPC 04 (R1). Also it intends to verify if there is relationship between the index and companies' size, the sector in which they are inserted, and the longevity of companies' establishment. Regarding the disclosure index, it was decided to construct its own index, from the structured data of Moura et al. (2011) study, based on the CPC 04 (R1) specifications. The results showed that Companhia Paranaense de Energia (COPEL) presented the highest disclosure rate of intangible assets (88%), but none of the analyzed companies complied fully with what is determined by CPC 04 (R1) referring to mandatory disclosure. Moreover, it was found that there is relationship between the disclosure rates and the independent variable size, a relationship not seen when we analyze the time of companies' establishment. In this sample, regarding the activity sector, it was not found that companies included in sensitive sectors tend to have higher disclosure rates.
Utilizando-se de instrumentais estatísticos para a análise de séries temporais, procurou-se verificar as relações entre os retornos dos principais mercados de capitais emergentes e dos principais mercados desenvolvidos. A amostra foi divida em dois períodos: entre 1995-2002 e entre 2003-2005, tendo em vista os momentos distintos dos mercados quanto à vulnerabilidade externa. No primeiro momento, apesar das diversas crises econômicas, verificou-se que apenas o retorno do mercado emergente da Rússia sofreu grandes impactos ante os choques dos retornos dos outros mercados. Entre 2003-2005, no entanto, os retornos de outros mercados emergentes, como o do Brasil e o do México, responderam de forma significativa aos choques nos retornos dos demais mercados analisados.
Resumo O sistema financeiro desempenha papel crucial em qualquer economia. Fatores como forte regulamentação do setor bancário, mensuração e avaliação em termos de desempenho e eficiência vêm sendo fundamentais para as instituições financeiras. A sustentabilidade de longo prazo de cooperativas e bancos demanda a identificação e a comparação das variáveis que influenciam sua rentabilidade. Este estudo realizou a análise de um painel de instituições com características similares, compreendendo o período de 2009 a 2013. Os resultados indicaram que o retorno sobre o ativo dessas instituições mostrou-se afetado por: empréstimos, eficiência (mensurada por meio de análise envoltória de dados), despesas totais, depósitos totais, outras receitas e taxa Selic. Já o retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido mostrou-se influenciado por: depósitos totais, empréstimos, taxa Selic, PIB, inflação, outras receitas e despesas totais. Na amostra estudada, os resultados indicaram que não há diferença estatística se a instituição financeira for classificada como banco múltiplo ou como cooperativa de crédito quando considerado o ROE como medida de desempenho.
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