Sediaan topikal yang memiliki kemampuan tabir surya semakin meningkat permintaannya seiring dengan kenaikan angka kejadian kanker kulit. <em>Sunblock</em> direkomendasikan pada rentang nilai <em>sun protecting factor</em> (SPF) 15-30. Seng oksida (ZnO) memiliki kemampuan untuk menghalau sinar ultraviolet (UV) dan mampu memberikan nilai SPF yang tinggi. Konsentrasi maksimum ZnO pada produk kosmetik sangat terbatas dan memiliki efek iritasi kulit apabila terlalu sering digunakan, sehingga perlu adanya inovasi teknologi formulasi untuk mengoptimalkan efek <em>sunblock</em> dari ZnO. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ZnO yang didispersikan ke dalam sediaan nano emulgel berbasis Carbopol. Serbuk ZnO akan didispersikan dalam formula <em>self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system</em> yang terdiri dari minyak zaitun:Tween 80:propilen glikol yang selanjutnya didispersikan dalam polimer hidrogel Carbopol. Formula nanoemulgel dilakukan uji sifat fisik selama 42 hari meliputi: organoleptik, viskositas, daya sebar dan daya lekat; kemampuan SPF; serta uji kemampuan melindungi dari sinar UV B yang dilakukan pada kulit tikus wistar menggunakan skor eritema.<em> </em>Analisa statistik uji sifat fisik menggunakan taraf kepercayaan 95% (<em>p</em>=0,05). Hasil uji sifat fisik sediaan ZnO terdispersi dalam emulgel stabil selama penyimpanan suhu kamar dengan konsistensi semi padat, dan berwarna putih transparan. Karakteristik fisik meliputi daya sebar, daya lekat, dan viskositas memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna selama proses penyimpanan (<em>p</em>&lt;0,05). Hasil uji SPF<em> </em>menunjukkan bahwa sediaan ZnO terdispersi dalam nanoemulgel memiliki nilai SPF 25 (proteksi UV sedang) dan uji <em>in vivo </em>menunjukkan eritema sangat sedikit dengan skor 1.

World Health Organization in 2015, estimated the case of non-melanoma cancer increasing due to the depletion of the ozone layer. The case of skin cancer in Indonesia reaches 6-8%, so the skin needs effective protection. ZnO is a sunscreen with SPF [Sun Protecting Factor] value of 50 and sun exposure reduction to the skin, especially UV A [320-400 nm] and UV B [290-320 nm]. ZnO is difficult to dissolve in water and hard to dispersed in the hydrogel matrix, so that it is formulated a nanoemulsion preparation into SNEDDS. SNEDDS consists of olive oil, tween 80 [surfactant], and propylene glycol [cosurfactant]. Optimization of the SNEDDS ZnO with the D-Optimal method was using Design Expert Software producing 16 formulas that tested for physical stability response including transmittance values [%] and pH values. The formula that has the highest response value with the desirability value approaching one was the optimum formula, then analyzed done with PSA. The optimum SNEDDS ZnO was dispersed in the hydrogel matrix of carbopol, thentest included pH, viscosity, dispersion and SPF value. The optimization shows that the optimum composition of olive oil : tween 80 : propylene glycol of 1:9:1. The result of t-test of SNEDDS ZnO optimum formula were not significantly different (p-value> 0, 05) with Design Expert prediction. Optimum formula can load 2 mg ZnO with transmitance value is 92%, SPF value 26, PSA 150 nm, and polydispers size of droplets.

The incidence of skin cancer in Indonesia reaches 6-8%, so the skin needs effective protection. Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a sunscreen with Sun Protecting Factor (SPF) 50 which is able to reduce exposure to Ultraviolet rays. ZnO is difficult to dissolve in water making an obstacle if dispersed in a hydro gel matrix, so it is formulated into a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) preparation. SNEDDS formula was made using tween 80 as surfactant, propylene glycol as a co-surfactant, and olive oil. The optimum proportion of the three components was optimized with the D-Optimal method using Design Expert Stat-Ease 9 Trial software. Software obtained 16 formulas which were tested for physical stability response: transmittance value (%) and pH value. SNEDDS optimum formula was compared with the D-Optimal prediction formula using the student's t-test statistical analysis (p>0.05), the loading dose of ZnO, Particle Size Analysis, and Zeta Potential. The optimum proportion of propylene glycol, tween 80, and olive oil making up SNEDDS were 9.9%: 81%: 9.1% respectively. The result of the percent transmittance response was 92.30% and the pH value was 7.20. Software prediction results: transmittance value was 92.59% and pH value was 7.37. Statistical analysis of one sample t-test showed no difference between observations and D-Optimal predictions. SNEDDS was able to load 2.0 mg ZnO/gram SNEDDS with a particle size of 150.2 nm; polydispersity index of 0.54 and zeta potential of -28.50 mV. The SPF value of SNEDDS ZnO was 16.

Rational drug use is a very warm discussion in the health care system in Indonesia. This is possible because of reports of the occurrence of errors in the selection and use of drugs freely by the community without based on adequate knowledge, causing undesirable side effects. Real Teaching Action (RTA) is an effort to improve people's knowledge through short learning activities about drug information. The information conveyed among others is about the classification of drugs, the steps to use the drug "DAGUSIBU" (Get, Use, Save and Dispose of), self-medication and route of administration of the drug. The measurement method used is a pretest and posttest design to measure the success rate of the program which is divided into 5 measurements. The location used as an activity is in Sendang Village, Purwantoro Subdistrict, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, with the target of housewives who are then referred to as AKU (Superior Family Pharmacists) cadres. The results of the activity are known to have increased the knowledge of respondents through pretest-posttest with a percentage value of 27.19%-97%. So it can be concluded that the RTA approach is able to provide a good understanding of AKU cadre training