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A low-defect and highly conductive 3D graphene network to enable a high sulfur content cathode for high performance Li–S batteries.

Accelerating the conversion of polysulfide to inhibit shutting effect is a promising approach to improve the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, the hollow titanium nitride (TiN)/1T–MoS2 heterostructure nanospheres are designed with efficient electrocatalysis properties serving as a sulfur host, which is formed by in situ electrochemical intercalation from TiN/2H‐MoS2. Metallic, few‐layered 1T‐MoS2 nanosheets with abundant active sites decorated on TiN nanospheres enable fast electron transfer, high adsorption ability toward polysulfides, and favorable catalytic activity contributing to the conversion kinetics of polysulfides. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of these favorable features, the as‐developed hollow TiN/1T‐MoS2 nanospheres with advanced architecture design can achieve a high discharge capacity of 1273 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, good rate performance with a capacity retention of 689 mAh g−1 at 2 C, and long cycling stability with a low‐capacity fading rate of 0.051% per cycle at 1 C for 800 cycles. Notably, the TiN/1T‐MoS2/S cathode with a high sulfur loading of up to 7 mg cm−2 can also deliver a high capacity of 875 mAh g−1 for 50 cycles at 0.1 C. This work promotes the prospect application for TiN/1T‐MoS2 in lithium–sulfur batteries.

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The main objective of this study was to investigate the degradation mechanism, the reaction kinetics, and the evolution of toxicity of naproxen in waters under simulated solar radiation. These criteria were investigated by conducting quenching experiments with reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxygen concentration experiments, and toxicity evaluations with Vibrio fischeri bacteria. The results indicated that the degradation of naproxen proceeds via pseudo first-order kinetics in all cases and that photodegradation included degradation by direct photolysis and by self-sensitization via ROS; the contribution rates of self-sensitized photodegradation were 1.4%, 65.8%, and 31.7% via ·OH, (1)O₂ and O₂(•-), respectively. Furthermore, the oxygen concentration experiments indicated that dissolved oxygen inhibited the direct photodegradation of naproxen, and the higher the oxygen content, the more pronounced the inhibitory effect. The toxicity evaluation illustrated that some of the intermediate products formed were more toxic than naproxen.