Computational notebooks allow data scientists to express their ideas through a combination of code and documentation. However, data scientists often pay attention only to the code, and neglect creating or updating their documentation during quick iterations. Inspired by human documentation practices learned from 80 highly-voted Kaggle notebooks, we design and implement Themisto, an automated documentation generation system to explore how human-centered AI systems can support human data scientists in the machine learning code documentation scenario. Themisto facilitates the creation of documentation via three approaches: a deep-learning-based approach to generate documentation for source code, a query-based approach to retrieve online API documentation for source code, and a user prompt approach to nudge users to write documentation. We evaluated Themisto in a within-subjects experiment with 24 data science practitioners, and found that automated documentation generation techniques reduced the time for writing documentation, reminded participants to document code they would have ignored, and improved participants’ satisfaction with their computational notebook.

Nanopore analysis based on a resistive-pulse technique is an attractive tool for single-molecule detection in different fields, but it suffers a great drawback in selectivity. A common solution to this challenge is to add extra sensing aptamers and labels to analytes by improving the sensitivity of their pulses for distinguishing. Compared to the labeling methods, we alternatively develop and demonstrate a novel data process for label-free nanopore analysis that enables the conversion of resistive current signals to more specific frequency domain phase angle features with the contribution from both sinusoidal voltage excitation and Fourier transform. In particular, we find that the transmural capacitance induced by nanoparticle translocations under a sinusoidal voltage plays an important role in this process, making phase angle features more pronounced. In practical applications, the method is successfully applied to directly distinguish the translocation events through a nanopipette by their unique phase angles for similarly sized SiO2, Ag, and Au nanoparticles and soft living organisms of HeLa and LoVo and even in a more complicated case of a SiO2, Ag, and Au nanoparticle mixture.

Boronic acid-functionalized molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (B-MoS2 QDs) were prepared for application as a rapid and sensitive platform for the quantitative analysis of dopamine.

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The construction of nanoporous arrays can greatly facilitate their development in the fields of sensing, energy conversion, and nanofluidic device. It is important for nanoporous array to characterize the structure...