The report indicated that many miRNA expressions were altered in AR and differentially expressed miRNAs appear to be involved in the development of AR. The study of miRNAs may lead to a better understanding about the roles of identified miRNAs in the pathogenesis of AR; this would be considered in future therapeutic strategies.

H(2)S level may be negatively correlated with the process of inflammation and positively correlated with expression of CSE in nasal mucosa. The endogenous H(2)S pathway is down-regulated in AR.

Background: The involvement of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ TRegs) in allergic diseases was reported previously. However, it remains unclear whether CD4+CD25+ TRegs are involved in allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: Fresh whole blood from 20 patients with AR and 16 healthy donors was used to investigate the frequency of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25hi Treg cells using flow cytometry. In addition, serum total IgE (IU/mL) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Patients with AR had fewer CD4+CD25+ Treg cells (2.80 ± 1.36% vs. 3.94 ± 0.97%, P < 0.01) and CD4+CD25hi TRegs (1.53 ± 0·62% vs. 2.00 ± 0.52%, P < 0.05) than control subjects. The number of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25hi TRegs was correlated negatively with total immunoglobulin E levels (r = –0.79, P < 0.01 and r = –0.61, P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Deficient regulatory T cells might play a role in the development of AR.

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