No abstract

Based on the analysis of the polymorphism of two types of microsatellite markers (ISSR and SSR), the state of gene pools of the fifteen of Siberian larch populations from three regions of the Urals: Northern, Middle and Southern was estimated. The parameters of genetic diversity were revealed, its structure was established at the intrapopulation level. To assess the uniqueness of the gene pool, we used the coefficient of genetic originality (KGO), the analysis of which revealed populations with typical and region-specific gene pools. It was established that the studied samples are generally characterized by a high level of genetic diversity. It was found that the gene pools of samples from the South Urals are characterized by the greatest specificity, the lowest values of KGO, i. e. more typical gene pools, are noted in the North Urals samples of L. sibirica, the average values of KGO are from the samples of the Middle Urals. Also, 3 unique alleles were found in the ZIL, BND, and KCH samples, in the rest, no unique markers were detected. For a comprehensive assessment of the state of the gene pools of populations, all established indicators of genetic diversity have been transferred to the scale for assessing the status of gene pools developed on the example of the studied L. sibirica populations. Based on data on genetic diversity obtained using two types of molecular markers, it was found that the gene pools of ten studied L. sibirica populations are in satisfactory condition, and five have signs of gene pool degradation. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are made on the conservation of L. sibirica genetic resources in the Urals.

A study of the genetic structure and differentiation of eight populations of Pinus sylvestris L. on the Russian Plain showed that the populations of PsI and PsII (D=0.066) are located at the smallest genetic distance, and between the populations of PsI and PsIV (D=0.308) at the greatest genetic distance. On the dendrogram, the studied populations formed four clusters: PsI and PsII; PsIII and PsIV; PsV and PsVI; PsVII and PsVIII. Analysis of the genetic structure of eight populations of P. sylvestris showed that the expected proportion of heterozygous genotypes (HT) for the total sample was 0.320, the expected proportion of heterozygous genotypes in a single population for all loci (HS) was 0.170, therefore, the population subdivision (GST) was high and amounted to 0.468. The studied populations are highly differentiated, since the interpopulation component accounts for 46.8% of the genetic diversity. In all studied populations, the indicator h has values less than 0.3. An analysis of the fraction of rare alleles showed that the genetic structure is less balanced in the populations PsIII (h=0.254) and PsIV (h=0.273). The most balanced genetic structure in the populations of PsVII (h=0.112) and PsVIII (h=0.127). Data on the genetic structure and differentiation of the common pine populations should be taken into account when developing recommendations for preserving their gene pools.