Background: It is a scientific fact today that routine seminal analysis is only a poor predictor of male reproductive potentiality, so that there is an increased need for finding out new functional tests in the assessment of male infertility. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of sperm chromatin integrity assays as a complementary tool to assist in diagnosis of infertility. Methodology: This study was carried out between January 2013 and November 2013 including one hundred (100)selected infertile men who attended to fertility Center in Al-Sadr Medical City. The study also included twenty (20) healthy fertile volunteers as a control. Aniline blue (AB) staining was used to differentiate between normal condensed chromatin (unstained) and abnormal decondensed chromatin (blue), while toluidine blue (TB) was use to differentiate between normal intact sperm DNA (blue) and abnormal damaged sperm DNA (purple), this is the first study in Iraq that employed (TB) to assess sperm DNA fragmentation. Results: The results showed that there was a high significant difference (p<0.01) in sperm chromatin decondensation and sperm DNA damage between infertile and fertile men. The study also revealed a significantdifference (p<0.05) in sperm DNA damage between normozoospermic and fertile men, but no significant difference (p>0.05) was found in the sperm chromatin condensation. Both sperm chromatin condensation and sperm DNA damage showed a significant positive correlation with sperm morphology, and a significant negative correlation with sperm concentration, motility and progressive motility. Conclusions: The study concluded that sperm DNA fragmentation (by TB staining) has good predictive value in discriminating infertile and fertile men over seminal fluid analysis. Recommendations: TB and AB staining of sperm chromatin can be used in the course of infertility diagnosis. However, more investigations may be needed to confirm the discriminating power of sperm chromatin condensation assays (by AB staining) to be ready to use in the routine workup in the fertility clinics.

Objective: The objective of this study was to improve certain sperm function parameters in vitro of oligozoospermic patients and other mild male factors using sperm activation techniques such as swim-up and density gradient. Methodology: The study was carried out between January 2014 and October 2014 including (30) semen samples of oligozoospermic patients who attended the Fertility Center in AL- Sadr Medical City. The liquefied semen was then carefully mixed for few second and the semen was analyzed by macroscopic and microscopic examination. Two method of IUI sperm activation have been used in this study to separate the motile spermatozoa in seminal plasma. Data analyzed using the SPSS version(20) Results: The results of the study showed that there was statistical significant ( p<0.05) decrease in the sperm concentration, leukocyte concentration, malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration and sperm chromatin maturity after activation by both swim-up and density gradient techniques compared with before activation. Also the results was appeared a significant (p<0.05) improvement in progressive motility (A+B) and normal morphology after activation by both techniques while, there was a significant (p<0.05) improvement in progressive motility (A+B) was noticed by using density gradient technique compared to swim-up technique. Conclusions: It was concluded that the density gradient and swim-up techniques were appeared clear improvement in the certain sperm parameters of oligozoospermic patients after activation. Recommendation: The density gradient techniques with intrauterine insemination to treatment Oligozoospermic patients.