The genogram was developed by Bowen, a pioneer of the psychodynamic family theory, and has been used in therapies in different ways. Genogram types are named according to the area in which they are used, and spiritual genograms are one of these. Due to the increase in studies focusing on spirituality in family therapies, this research is conducted over the use of spiritual genograms as a therapeutic tool. Although Turkey has great potential for religiousness and spirituality, no study has yet been observed there on the use of spiritual genograms in the therapeutic process. This deficiency has led us to introduce spiritual genograms and provide a place for their use in therapy. This study also aims to provide information on the stages of spiritual genograms and how they should be used as a tool in therapy. Furthermore, results have been shared regarding the effect of using genograms in the therapeutic process based on sample cases employed by various researchers in therapy. Keywords Spiritual genogram • Spirituality • Family therapies Aile Terapilerinde Manevi Genogram Kullanımı ÖzPsikodinamik aile kuramının öncülerinden Bowen'ın geliştirmiş olduğu genogramın terapilerde farklı şe-killerde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Kullanıldıkları alana göre isimlendirilen bu genogram türlerinden birisi de manevi genogramdır. Aile terapilerinde maneviyata önem veren çalışmaların artması ile beraber manevi genogramın terapide terapötik bir araç olarak kullanılmasına dair araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Ülkemiz dindarlık ve maneviyat noktasında önemli bir potansiyel barındırdığı halde, terapötik süreçte manevi genogramın kullanıldığı çalışmalara rastlanmamıştır. Buradaki eksiklikten hareketle, Türkiye'de manevi genogramın tanıtılması ve terapide kullanımı için alan oluşturulması yoluna gidilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı manevi genogramı tanıtmak, manevi genogramın oluşturulma aşamaları ve terapide bir araç olarak nasıl kullanıl-ması gerektiği hakkında bilgi vermektir. Ayrıca farklı araştırmacılar tarafından terapide kullanılan vaka ör-neklerinden yararlanılarak genogram kullanmanın terapötik sürece etkisi hakkında sonuçlar paylaşılmıştır.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relation between teachers' levels of happiness and optimism and whether happiness changes significantly according to variables of sex, branch, the thought of professional respectability, enjoying the occupation and the situation of reading book or not. The sample of the research is composed of 540 (315 female, 225 male) branch teachers. In this study, "Personal Information Form", "Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Short Form)" and " Optimism Scale" were used as data collection tools. T-test for binary variables and ANOVA statistical technique for multiple variables were used in the analyses conducted. According to results of the research; it has not been seen a significant difference in happiness scores of teachers in terms of sex. It has been seen a significant difference in happiness scores in terms of other variables of branch, the thought of professional respectability, enjoying the occupation and the situation of reading book. It has been found that school counsellors have a higher happiness score than branch teachers have, teachers who like their occupations have a higher happiness score than they who do not like their occupations have, teachers who find teaching as a respectable occupation have a higher happiness score than they who do not find teaching as a respectable occupation have. On the other hand, it has been determined that the increase in the number of reading book is effective on happiness. When the relation between optimism and happiness has been investigated, it has been found that there are at a level of .64 relation besides, optimism predicts happiness about 41 percent. The results of the research have been discussed in accordance with the relevant literature and the suggestions have been offered.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin empatik eğilimlerini ölçmek ve empati düzeylerini çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, farklı öğretim kademelerinde çalışan 118 (64’ü kadın, 54’ü erkek) öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, veri toplama araçları olarak “Empatik Eğilim Ölçeği” ve araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; öğretmenlerin empatik düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu, cinsiyet ve kıdem değişkenleri açısından bir farklılığın olmadığı görülmüştür. Öğretim kademesi açısından bakıldığında ilkokul öğretmenlerinin empati düzeylerinin lise öğretmenlerinin empati düzeylerinden anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili literatür ile birlikte tartışılmıştır.

ÖZET SUMMARYPropafenone is a group 1C antiarrhytmic agent. It is an agent used in patients with symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia requiring treatment, such as atrioventricular node tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. It is also used in life-threatining symptomatic ventricular tachycardia requiring treatment and with excessive intake it has serious side effects on cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, haematological and dermatological systems. In this report, we present a case of propafenone intake with suicidal purpose and we aim to share our experience with malign arrhytmia development and arrhytmia management. A 22-year-old female patient presented to our emergency department with complaints of general situation distortion and feeling sick after ingesting 20 pills (6 g) of her friend's Propafenone HCl 300 mg for suicidal purpose one hour previously. In the electrocardiography (ECG), regular rhythm, wide QRS and the absence of P-wave was observed. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia developed and defibrillation with 360 joule was performed followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. NaHCO 3 administration of 1 mEq/kg every 4 hours was initiated. After the therapy, QRS duration shortened. The patient became conscious with spontaneous ventilation. Early diagnosis and appropriate resuscitative interventions can be vital in propafenone intoxication. NaHCO 3 administration in the presence of hypotension and ECG abnormalities are vital.

The study aims to develop the scale of empathy in marriage. For the validity and reliability analysis of the scale, 638 data were collected from three different sample groups. To test the construct validity of the scale, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Criterion validity analysis were performed. Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated for reliability. Result of the EFA indicated that the scale is one-dimensional and has good load values. The one-dimensional structure of the scale explains 50% of the total variance. Acceptable fit indices [χ 2 /df = 2.977, RMSEA= .075, SRMR= 0.05, CFI= 0.954, RFI= 0.897, IFI= 0.954] was obtained in CFA. Criterion validity analysis shows that the scale has criterion validity (r= .472; p< .001). The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient (.876) of the scale shows that the reliability of the scale is high. The results obtained from the study show that the marital empathy scale is valid and reliable.