Introduction Sierra Leone has one of the highest burdens of febrile illnesses in the world. As the incidence of malaria diminishes, a better understanding of the spectrum of etiological agents was important for accurate diagnosis and empirical treatment of febrile illness. Methods Blood, nasopharyngeal, and fecal specimens were collected from febrile patients for serological, molecular detection, and microbiologic culture to identify potential pathogens. Results For this prospective study, 142 febrile patients were enrolled. The prevalence of malaria was higher in children aged 5–15 years old ( P = 0.185) and adults ( P = 0.018). Acute respiratory infection (ARI) presented more commonly in the under 5 years old group ( P = 0.009). For diarrhea, all children groups ( P = 0.024) were predominant. A total of 22.5% of the febrile patients had malaria infection, 19.7% had typhoid infection, and 2.8% were coinfected with malaria and typhoid. ARI was the most common causes of fever, accounting for 31.7% of patients, influenza A virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae , and five other respiratory pathogens were found. Diarrhea accounted for 16.2%, and seven kinds of diarrhea bacteria were isolated. Hepatitis B accounted for 8.5%, including five cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and ascites smear staining were both Gram-negative bacteria. Tuberculous encephalitis, parasitic diseases (ascaris and filariasis), and skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 0.7%, 2.1%, and 0.7%, respectively. Conclusions Evidence of a wide spectrum of febrile etiological agents other than malaria was identified. The spread of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) out of hospital and establishment of a national standard for Widal test will reduce the misdiagnosis of febrile diseases. Antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria are helpful for empirical treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-021-00474-y.

In the present work, we study random walks on complex networks subject to stochastic resetting when the resetting probability is node-dependent. Using a renewal approach, we derive the exact expressions of the stationary occupation probabilities of the walker on each node and the mean first passage time between arbitrary two nodes. Finally, we demonstrate our theoretical results on three networks with two different resetting protocols, validated by numerical simulations as well. We find that under a delicate setting, it is advantageous to optimize the efficiency of a global search on such networks by the node-dependent resetting probability.

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