No abstract

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, especially subtropical or tropical countries, including Indonesia. Therefore, it is important to know what environmental factors related to leptospirosis in Indonesia. This research is a systematic review of 9 eligible research journals that published in 2005-2019 in Indonesia. Journals are obtained from Science Direct, PubMed, and Garuda databases. A total of 4 studies examining the relationship between the existence of rats with leptospirosis cases, found that there was a statistically significant relationship. A total of 3 studies found that there was a statistically significant relationship between a pool of water with leptospirosis cases. Meanwhile, 2 out of 4 studies found that there was a significant relationship between poor sewer conditions and poor garbage conditions with leptospirosis cases. In conclusion, most studies found that the existence of rats, a pool of water, poor sewer conditions, and poor garbage conditions are significantly related to leptospirosis cases in Indonesia.

Stunting adalah kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita akibat dari kekurangan gizi kronis sehingga anak lebih pendek untuk usianya. Kekurangan gizi terjadi sejak bayi dalam kandungan dan pada masa awal kehidupan setelah lahir, tetapi baru terlihat setelah anak berusia 2 tahun. Stunting berdampak pada tingkat kecerdasan, kerentanan terhadap penyakit dan menurunkan produktivitas serta berakibat menghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan meningkatkan kemiskinan serta kesenjangan di masa depan. Untuk itu diperlukan peningkatan kapasitas kader dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk pencegahan stunting. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan orientasi kepada kader dan memberikan penguatan SDM (Sumberdaya Manusia) Posyandu di Desa Lokus Stunting. Metode kegiatan dilakukan melalui edukasi kepada kader dalam rangka penguatan posyandu dalam upaya pencegahan stunting. Orientasi dilaksanakan selama satu hari di Kabupaten Labuhan Batu sebagai salah satu kabupaten lokus stunting dengan jumlah peserta 65 orang. Kegiatan diawali dengan perkenalan oleh tim. Kegiatan selanjutnya adalah edukasi dengan materi orientasi terdiri dari (1) upaya kesehatan di posyandu sebagai pencegahan stunting, (2) komunikasi antar pribadi dalam upaya kesehatan di posyandu pada adaptasi kebiasaan baru, (3) pelaksanaan upaya kesehatan di posyandu pada adaptasi kebiasaan baru, (4) pembuatan rencana tindak lanjut selesai kegiatan orientasi kader. Dari hasil kegiatan didapatkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta setelah dilakukan orientasi kader dan penguatan SDM posyandu (post-test) dibandingkan dengan sebelum dilakukan kegiatan (pre -test).

Coronavirus Disease or known as COVID-19 is currently a global health problem. COVID-19 is a new disease caused by a virus called Sars-Cov-2. The first case in West Sumatera Province was reported on March 18, 2020. As of May 2, 2020, total of 182 positive cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed in West Sumatera Province. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia has issued Government Regulation Number 21 of 2020 concerning Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in the framework of the Acceleration of Handling COVID-19. Therefore this study aims to determine dietary pattern and physical activity of the people in West Sumatera during the PSBB during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This research is a quantitative study using survey approach. The results showed that more than half of the respondents sometimes eat snacks every day. Nearly half of the respondents consumed fresh food every day, sometimes consumed processed food the last few days, ate side dishes containing animal protein, and sometimes ate more portions during PSBB. The physical activities that are often carried out by respondents during the PSBB are washing / cooking / sweeping / mopping, walking, aerobics, playing video games, gardening and other physical activity. It is recommended that people maintain a balanced diet and regularly carry out physical activities, especially during this pandemic.

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2019, 17.9 million people died due to cardiovascular disease, 85% of which were caused by heart attack and stroke. Low awareness of cardiovascular disease can exacerbate the situation and increase mortality due to delays in treatment. This study aims to identify knowledge of heart attack and stroke in communities in West Sumatra Province and its relation to sex, ownership of health insurance, and delaying medical treatment due to cost. This study used a cross-sectional study design, conducted in West Sumatra Province from May to October 2020. The sample in this study was 223 people aged 18-54 years who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the Mann-Whitney test. Most of the respondents have low knowledge about heart attacks and strokes and first aid response (57.4%). There was significant mean difference in knowledge between the group of respondents who have health insurance and the group that did not. There was no significant mean difference in knowledge of respondents by sex and delaying medical care because of costs. Low of public knowledge about the symptoms of heart attack and stroke should be addressed as an important contribution to reducing mortality and morbidity due to heart attack and stroke.