El presente trabajo describe la propuesta e impacto de un programa basado en la aplicación integrada del Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) en el Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED), en la creación de facilitadores para la transición de Educación Primaria (EP) a Educación Secundaria (ES). La muestra estuvo compuesta por seis docentes, 142 estudiantes de sexto curso de EP y 64 de ES. Se creó una red deportiva de centros según los preceptos del MED y se utilizó la red social educativa Edmodo para la coordinación de los elementos competitivos y el incremento de contacto social entre el alumnado. La percepción del alumnado y docentes se recogió mediante cuestionarios, grupos focales y autoinformes. Los resultados mostraron que docentes y alumnado percibieron que se consiguieron los objetivos en cuanto a los facilitadores para la transición, así como satisfacción con la metodología utilizada.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar el impacto de una temporada según el modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) sobre la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, la responsabilidad y las relaciones sociales en escolares de Educación Primaria. Los estudiantes pertenecían a un centro rural con agrupaciones multinivel, donde estudiantes con diferente edad (8-10 y 10-12 años) y nivel madurativo conviven en una misma clase. Se realizó un diseño cuasi-experimental pre-test/post-test con un único grupo de medida (N = 24, M edad = 10.12; DT 1.29), al que se aplicó un único nivel de tratamiento. Las necesidades psicológicas básicas (autonomía, competencia y relación) fueros evaluadas con la Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, la responsabilidad mediante una escala basada en los niveles propuestos en el Modelo de Responsabilidad Personal y Social (Hellison, 2011), y las relaciones sociales con un cuestionario sociométrico. Además, la percepción de los estudiantes fue analizada con un grupo focal para evaluar si el MED facilita las relaciones sociales. El alumnado recibió un programa de 18 sesiones (45 minutos por sesión) en las clases de Educación Física basado en el MED. Se prestó especial importancia al diseño del contenido deportivo (reglas que permitieran jugar con diferente nivel de desarrollo) y distribución de responsabilidades a través de los roles en función del nivel de desarrollo (los estudiantes de los niveles superiores asumieron roles de organización). Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas sobre las necesidades de competencia y relación, la dimensión amigo negativo (reducción) y el nivel de responsabilidad. La percepción del alumnado reveló mejoras en las relaciones sociales, lo cual parece indicar que el establecimiento de relaciones multinivel puede potenciar los beneficios del modelo. En conclusión, este estudio muestra la viabilidad y potencial pedagógico del MED en un contexto rural y multinivel.Abstract. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of a Sport Education season on psychological basic needs satisfaction, responsibility and social relations in Primary Education students. The students belonged to a rural school with multilevel groups, where students, with different ages (8 to 10 years and 10 to 12 years) and maturity levels, coexist in a same class. A quasi-experimental design was used with pre-test/post-test on an experimental group with 24 participants (M age = 10.12, SD 1.29), to which a single treatment level was applied. Psychological basic needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) were measured by Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, responsibility through a scale based on the levels proposed in the Personal and Social Responsibility Model (Hellison, 2011), and social relation by a sociometric questionnaire based on friendship scales. Furthermore, the students’ perception was analysed by a focus group to assess whether the Sport Education promoted social relations. The students received 18 lessons (each lesson 45 mins) of physical education based on the Sport Education. Special importance was given to the design of the games (rules that allowed students to play together with different levels of development together) and distribution of responsibilities through roles based on the level of development (older students assumed officiating roles). Results showed significant improvements in the competence and relatedness needs, negative friend dimension (decrease) and responsibility level. Furthermore, students´ perception revealed improvements in social relations, which might indicate that the establishment of multilevel relations could enhance the benefits of the model. In conclusion, this study shows the viability and pedagogical potential of Sport Education in a rural and multilevel context.

Although physical education (PE) is spread all around the world and the large amount of physical activity policies focused on childhood at schools, there is a big difference between policy and real-life practice at schools. The main objectives of this study were 1) to know the diffusion and main features of Sport Education at schools in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) through the program Proyectos Escolares Saludables (PES, in English, Healthy Schools Project, HSP); 2) to know teachers' perceptions of the impact of Sport Education in their everyday teaching practice. During three academic years (2016/2017; 2017/2018 and 2018/2019), 181 Primary and Secondary schools participated in the HSP. Data from 91 of them were analysed through an ad hoc self-report. The results showed that during the first year of permanence in the HSP, 337 seasons were implemented according to Sport Education in these 91 schools. In relation to their perception, teachers showed a positive perception of educational potential of Sport Education compared to his previous teaching practice, highlighting students' motivation, content learning and development of responsibilities. In conclusion, the general teachers' perception who have implemented Sport Education in Castilla-La Mancha through HSP highlights the great educational potential of this pedagogical model, as well as that the teacher training process has been adequate. In turn, the inclusion of new methodologies in school projects promoted by educational authorities seems to be an ideal means for the teachers' professional development.

Lograr la aceptación de sus compañeros es una de las estrategias exitosas para favorecer la inclusión del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en el aula. La Educación Física (EF) es una de las áreas que ofrece más oportunidades de inclusión. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: (1) presentar una propuesta didáctica que tiene como meta sensibilizar hacia la discapacidad utilizando la integración del Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) en el modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) mediante un deporte adaptado (voleibol sentado); (2) evaluar la percepción del profesorado participante; (3) ofrecer propuestas de mejora para futuras implementaciones. Participaron 181 estudiantes de tercer curso de Educación Secundaria (ES) (n= 80) y de quinto curso de Educación Primaria (EP) (n= 101). El programa consistió en la creación de dos redes deportivas formadas por dos grupos naturales de ES y otros dos de EP en cada una de las redes. Todos los alumnos vivenciaron en EF una temporada MED a la que se añadieron tres acciones ApS celebradas durante los recreos, siendo los alumnos de ES los emisores del servicio. La unión de los integrantes de la red se creó mediante los elementos distintivos del MED. La sensibilización se realizó a través de la simulación de la discapacidad. Los resultados mostraron una percepción positiva del profesorado, quienes destacaron, además de otros beneficios, el desarrollo de la sensibilización en el alumnado de EP y de la empatía en el de ES. Se discuten las barreras y facilitadores detectados, así como se destacan aspectos clave para potenciar los objetivos educativos.  Abstract. Achieving acceptance by peers is one of the successful strategies to stimulate the inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) within their class group. Physical Education is one of the areas that offers more opportunities of inclusion. The objectives of this paper are (1) present a didactic proposal that aims to raise awareness about disability through the integration of Service-Learning (S-L) in the Sport Education Model (SEM) using an adapted sport (sitting volleyball); (2) evaluate the perception of the participant teachers; (3) offer improvement proposals for future implementations. 181 students from the third year of Secondary Education (SE) (n = 80) and from the fifth year of Primary Education (PE) (n = 101) participated. The program consisted of the creation of two sports networks formed by two natural groups from SE and two from PE in each of the networks. All the students experienced a SE season at Physical Education in which three S-L actions during recesses were added, with SE students being the service providers. Network members affiliation was promoted through SE characteristics. Awareness was integrated through the simulation of physical disability. The results showed a positive perception of the teachers who highlighted, beside to other benefits, the development of awareness in PE students and of empathy in SE students. Barriers and facilitators are discussed, as well as key aspects to enhance pedagogical goals.

This study conducted an innovative quantitative examination of the level of student game-play participation during two, consecutive and ‘naturalistically’ implemented, Sport Education (SE) seasons, while taking into account students’ sex and skill-level and the activity participation context (team practice/competition, handball/football). A total of 24 eighth-grade students (nine girls, 15 boys; Mage12.9±1.3) were affiliated in three teams of eight players (five boys and three girls per team) to participate in two consecutive SE seasons (handball: 12×45-min lessons; football: 12×45-min lessons). Students’ participation time in identical small-sided game forms was measured in team practice and competition contexts and analysed through four participation indicators (total, mean, structural, and intra-team participation). T-Test analysis examined differences between girls/boys and lower-skilled/higher-skilled students, in each season. Repeated measures T-Test analysed differences between the two seasons, for each variable and group and each participation context. Overall, although there was a relatively equitable participation of students in the game-play activities of the two seasons, the students’ ‘skill-level’ was a more influential variable in their participation than the variable ‘sex’. The higher-skilled students had higher total participation time than lower-skilled students in the second season (football). There was a more balanced interplay in girls’ and boys’ time of participation in the activities, although boys showed higher participation than girls (mean participation and intra-team participation) in the competition context of football. Teachers who seek equitable participation of students in learning activities should consider the social and cultural context of students and the situated effect of SE implementation, balancing team practice with competition activities.