Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious and chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can occur in individuals including those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The combination of these diseases can aggravate an individual's health condition. Chest X-ray examination is important for the diagnosis of this disease. This study aimed to review the chest X-ray in patients with pulmonary TB and HIV at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from January to June 2022. Thus was a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The data used were medical records of pulmonary TB patients with HIV who underwent chest X-ray examination at the Radiology Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital from January to June 2022 using the total sampling method. The results obtained 18 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV, dominated by males (88.9%) aged 26–35 years (44.4%). The most common characteristic of chest X-ray examination was the presence of infiltrates (88.9%), with far advanced lesion severity (55.6%). In conclusion, the majority of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with HIV were males, aged 26–35 years, and the chest X-ray characteristic was the presence of infiltrates with far advanced degree of severity. Keywords: chest X-ray; pulmonary tuberculosis; human immunodeficiency virus   Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) paru merupakan penyakit infeksi kronik menular disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosiss. Penyakit ini dapat terjadi pada individu dengan infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) yang akan memperparah kondisi kesehatan individu. Pemeriksaan radiologis foto toraks penting dilakukan untuk diagnosis penyakit ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran foto toraks pasien TB paru dengan HIV di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou periode Januari–Juni 2022. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Data yang digunakan ialah rekam medik foto toraks pasien TB paru dengan HIV di Bagian Radiologi RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou periode Januari – Juni 2022 dengan metode total sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan pasien TB paru dengan HIV di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou sebanyak 18 sampel. Mayoritas pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebesar 88,9%. Kelompok usia paling dominan ialah 26-35 tahun sebesar 44,4%. Karakteristik foto toraks yang paling banyak ditemukan ialah infiltrat sebesar 88,9%. Derajat keparahan paling banyak ditemukan pada derajat lesi luas yaitu sebesar 55,6%. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah mayoritas pengidap tuberkulosis paru dengan HIV terjadi pada laki-laki, kelompok usia 26-35 tahun serta karakteristik gambaran foto toraks ialah infiltrat dengan derajat keparahan lesi luas Kata kunci: foto toraks; tuberkulosis paru; human immunodeficiency virus

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is still a world health problem. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also a significant global health problem. In CKD, the immune system dysfunction occurs in the form of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). This study aimed to find out the imaging of chest X-ray in tuberculosis patients with chronic kidney disease at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, from January to June 2022. This was a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The results obtained 34 tuberculosis patients with CKD, dominated by males (76.5%) and patients aged 56-65 years (41.2%). Based on CKD status, the risk of tuberculosis increased in patients undergoing hemodialysis (52.9%). The most common characteristic of chest X-ray were infiltrates and fibrosis (79.4%) and the dominant combination lesions on chest X-ray were infiltrates, consolidation, and fibrosis (23.5%). The area of tuberculosis lesion was commonly found in the form of minimal lesion (47.1%). In conclusion, the most common chest X-ray profiles in tuberculosis patients with chronic kidney disease were infiltrates and fibrosis, and minimal lesion. Keywords: chest X-ray; tuberculosis; chronic kidney disease   Absrtrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) paru disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan merupakan penyakit kronis yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dunia hingga saat ini. Penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) juga merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang signifikan. Pada PGK terjadi disfungsi sistem imun berupa depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran foto toraks pada pasien tuberkulosis dengan PGK di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou pada periode Januari–Juni 2022. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 34 pasien tuberkulosis, didominasi oleh jenis kelamin laki-laki (76,5%) dan usia 56-65 tahun (41,2%). Berdasarkan status PGK, risiko terkena tuberkulosis lebih meningkat pada pasien yang dilakukan hemodialis (52,9%). Karakteristik pada gambaran foto toraks yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu infiltrat dan fibrosis (79,4%), dan lesi kombinasi yang dominan pada gambaran foto toraks ialah infiltrat, konsolidasi, dan fibrosis (23,5%). Luas lesi pada tuberkulosis ditemukan lebih banyak pada lesi minimal (47,1%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gambaran foto toraks yang paling sering ditemukan pada pasien tuberkulosis dengan PGK ialah infiltrat dan fibrosis, serta lesi minimal. Kata kunci: foto toraks; tuberkulosis; penyakit ginjal kronik

World Health Organization has assigned COVID-19 as a pandemic. It has been reported that pulmonary abnormalities are found in asymptomatic cases. In addition, several studies have reported normal CT images in symptomatic patients. Currently, research that discusses the relationship of the image of chest CT scan and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 hasn’t been done much. The aim of the study was to know the relationship between the image of chest CT scan and clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients. This research is a literature review by searching data using three databases namely PubMed, Science Direct and RSNA. The keywords used are COVID-19 AND chest CT AND clinical manifestations. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 11 literatures consisting of 10 retrospective studies and 1 retrospective case series report. Bilateral ground glass opacity, distributed peripherally, and distributed in peripheral, appearing in the lower lobe of the lungs are the common abnormalities images in COVID-19 patients. In severe-critical cases of COVID-19, consolidation, distributed centrally and peripherally, and occurred throughout the lung lobes were significantly more common than in moderate cases of COVID-19. In addition, the total severity score and the total lesion volume increased according to the clinical classification of COVID-19. There is a significant relationship between the image of chest CT scan and clinical manifestations based on the number of lobes, distribution, presence of consolidation, total severity score, and lesion volume.Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019, chest, computed tomography  Abstrak: World Health Organization (WHO) telah menetapkan COVID-19 sebagai suatu pandemi. Telah dilaporkan bahwa ditemukan suatu kelainan paru pada kasus asimptomatik. Selain itu, beberapa penelitian juga melaporkan adanya gambaran CT normal pada pasien bergejala. Saat ini, penelitian yang membahas hubungan gambaran CT scan toraks dan manifestasi klinis COVID-19 belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan gambaran CT toraks dan manifestasi klinis pada pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini berbentuk literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu PubMed, Science Direct, dan RSNA. Kata kunci yang digunakan adalah COVID-19 AND chest CT AND clinical manifestations. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan 11 literatur terdiri dari 10 retrospective study dan 1 retrospective case series report. Ground glass opacity bilateral, multilobus, terdistribusi di perifer, dan terjadi di lobus bawah paru merupakan gambaran abnormal yang umum didapat pada pasien COVID-19. Pada kasus berat-kritis COVID-19, gambaran konsolidasi, lesi yang terdistribusi sentral dan perifer, dan terjadi di seluruh lobus paru secara signifikan lebih sering terjadi daripada kasus moderat COVID-19. Selain itu, total severity score dan total volume lesi meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya keparahan suatu kasus COVID-19. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gambaran CT toraks dengan manifestasi klinis berdasarkan jumlah lobus, distribusi, adanya konsolidasi, total severity score, dan volume lesi.Kata Kunci: coronavirus disease 2019, toraks, computed tomography

Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is the most common form of intracranial lesions, approximately one-third of the incidence of severe head injury. However, it has been reported that about one-fifth of patients suffering subdural hemorrhage and other intracranial hemorrhage died undiagnosed.3 Examination computed tomography (CT) scan is the primary modality of choice when there is a suspected post-traumatic lesions. The purpose of research to know and study the SDH CT scan image. This study was a retrospective study conducted in the month of September to December 2014. The data were obtained through medical records and found 30 cases included in the study criteria. Overall the results, SDH more in male patients 27 people (90%). The largest age group in children (<12 years) 11 people (37%). Location SDH highest in the temporal 9 cases (30%).Keywords: subdural hemorhage, computed tomography scanAbstrak: Perdarahan subdural (PSD) adalah bentuk yang paling sering terjadi pada lesi intrakranial, kira-kira sepertiga dari kejadian cedera kepala berat. Namun, telah dilaporkan bahwa sekitar satu perlima dari penderita-penderita perdarahan subdural dan perdarahan intrakranial lainnya meninggal tidak terdiagnosis.3 Pemeriksaan computed tomography (CT) scan adalah modalitas pilihan utama bila diduga terdapat suatu lesi pasca trauma. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari gambaran CT scan PSD. Penelitian ini merupakan studi retrospektif yang dilakukan pada bulan September-Desember 2014. Data diperoleh melalui rekam medik dan didapatkan 30 kasus masuk dalam kriteria penelitian. Keseluruhan hasil penelitian didapatkan PSD lebih banyak pada penderita laki-laki 27 orang (90%). Golongan umur terbanyak pada anak-anak (<12 tahun) 11 orang (37%). Lokasi PSD terbanyak pada temporal 9 kasus (30%).Kata kunci: perdarahan subdural, computed tomography scan