Heart diseases, especially acute coronary syndrome (ACS), are among the most severe illnesses that often lead to death. Despite significant advances in the prevention and treatment of ACS, the incidence of the disease and its complications are very serious. The imbalance between pro- and antioxidant systems, the formation of active carbonyl compounds, and the end products of glycation in the blood and tissues are the key moments in the development of heart and neurological disorders leading to a change of behavioral responses. So, the search for antioxidants with cardio- and neuroprotective effects is an urgent task. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of Corvitin and 2-oxoglutarate on physiological parameters, heart histology, and markers of carbonyl/oxidative stress of rats with pituitrin-isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage (PIMD). Increased sweating, tachycardia, significantly decreased locomotor and exploratory activity, changes of ECG, heart histology, and biochemical changes were observed in the PIMD-group. The administration of Corvitin or 2-OG led to the recovery of locomotor and cognitive activities of the rats, improvement in heart histology, a decrease in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, advanced glycated end products, and various changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, 6 days after PIMD. So, Corvitin and exogenous 2-OG show cardio- and neuroprotective effects through the decrease of carbonyl/oxidative stress and regulation of the activity of the antioxidant system.

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Measurement of platelet function by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) using a special device – an aggregometer requires significant time and is time-consuming. In this study, an automated LTA procedure was evaluated to establish the reference ranges. On the Sysmex CS-5100 analyzer, aggregation measurements were performed using several agonists at a certain concentration: ADP (2 µmol/L); arachidonic acid (1 mmol/L); collagen (2 µg/ml); ristocetin (1.2 mg/ml); epinephrine (5 µmol/L). For each agonist, the maximum and final aggregation, the Lag phase and the Area under the aggregation curve were measured. Reference ranges for a standard panel of activators were determined on 40 samples of healthy subjects in the concentrations recommended by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. A standard panel of agonists can be used on Sysmex CS series analyzers: ADP, arachidonic acid; collagen; ristocetin, epinephrine, so these devices can replace specialized aggregometers or perform platelet aggregation where this investigation is not currently performed.

There has been shown the change of level of astrocytes-specific glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) in different areas of the brain of laboratory gerbils at different stages of postnatal development, aging, and the effect of lphaketoglutarate.Studies have shown that the content of both soluble and filament forms of GFAP significantly increased during the first 30 days of postnatal development in all parts of the brain. After 30 days, the level of soluble forms of GFAP continued gradualy increase in all studied brain areas of gerbils during development and aging. Content of filament forms of GFAP in the gerbils brain after 90 days has a different tendency to change depending on the brain region. The long-term diet containing 2% alpha-ketoglutarate has been prevented overproduction of filament form of GFAP in the thalamus and hippocampus of older animals.

The level of adrenalin grows under stress conditions, sense of danger, anxiety, fear, trauma, burns and shock. In high concentrations adrenaline increases the speed of protein catabolism. Working through the circulatory system, adrenaline affects almost all the functions of organs, causing the body mobilization to counter stressful situations. Due to ELISA the astrocytes-specific protein (S-100b) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) were studied. S-100b is produced mainly by astrocytes іn the brain and depending on the concentration it causes trophic or toxic effect on the neurons and glial cells.Strong stress and ischemia induce re-distribution of calcium-binding protein S-100b and elevation of its level. Quantitative changes of S-100b under the influence of various factors on the body which lead to the metabolic disorder in the brain are considered today as a sign of brain damage (cortical, ischemic one, etc.). Fluctuations in the concentration of S-100b in the brain are not always accompanied by marked deterioration of the physical condition of animals, but they can also lead to a number of violations of integrative functions of the brain depending on over-production of this protein. Most N-CAM are transmembrane proteins that cross the plasma membraneonce; intracellular domains have different size and it is thought they are involved in binding to cytoskeleton or cell signaling. Violation of N-CAM functions leads to disruption of nerve sprouts. Data obtained in our study showed no serious re-distribution of S-100b and N-CAM level in the different areas of rat brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus) under effect of adrenalin administered to the animals (under skin) in dosage of 0.45–0.60 mg per rat, 1 time per day during 10 days, probably because of the type of injection and/or short time of adrenalin action. Increased dosage of adrenaline 1 hour before decapitation leads to the decrease of level of total protein in membrane fraction extracted from brain tissue without changing the level of S-100b and N-CAM.