ИЗ ПРАКТИКИОстеохондропластическая трахеопатия (tracheopathia osteochondroplastica) (OT) -очаговые или диффузные де-генеративные изменения стенки трахеи и крупных брон-хов, напоминающие, по образному описанию T. Yokoyama и соавт.[1], «сад камней» и сопровождающиеся пло-скоклеточной метаплазией слизистой оболочки. ОТ счи-тается редким неклассифицированным заболеванием с «неясной причиной и длительным течением» (J 98.0), что позволило включить ее в перечень орфанной патологии [2]. В развитии ОТ участвуют инфекционный фактор и хроническое рецидивирующее воспаление ВДП [3,4]. Клиническая картина зависит от выраженности дыха-тельных нарушений, что предполагает выявление ОТ при эндоскопических исследованиях, интубации трахеи, то-мографии либо при аутопсии: на 1000 бронхоскопий при-ходится 2-7 случаев; прижизненно выявляют не более 5% случаев ОТ [5,6]. Цель работы -демонстрация случая лечения больного протяженным ларинготрахеальным стенозом, обусловленным остеохондропластической трахеопатией. Проведено хирургическое лечение больного хроническим гиперпластическим ларингитом, осложненным протяженным ларинготрахеальным стенозом на фоне остеохондропластического поражения гортани и трахеи. Развитие остеохондропластической трансформации стенки гортани и трахеи рассматривается как еди-ный патоморфологический процесс, связанный с хроническим воспалением. Наблюдение демонстрирует взаимосвязь плоскоклеточной гиперплазии эпителия верхних дыхательных путей с деструктивным хондроперихондритом гортани и трахеи, остеохондропластическими измененениями, протекающими на фоне протяженного ларинготрахеального сте-ноза. Ключевые слова: остеохондропластическая трахеопатия, ларинготрахеальный стеноз, хондроперихондрит.The present article was designed to report a case of the surgical treatment of the patient presenting with extended laryngotrachealstenosis related toosteochondroplasticlaryngo-and tracheopathy. The development of the osteochondroplastic transformation of the laryngeal and tracheal walls was regarded as a single pathomorphologicalprocess associated with chronic inflammation. The study has demonstrated the relationship between the squamous cell hyperplasia in the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract and destructive chondro-perichondritis of the larynx and trachea accompanied by osteochondroplastic changes and concomitant extended laryngotracheal stenosis.
We have evaluated the results of universal audiological screening of 93 352 newborn infants performed in the Astrakhan region of the Russian Federation during the period from 2009 till 2015. The screening coverage amounted to 95%. The prevalence of hearing disorders was estimated at 1:1111 and that of their severe forms at 1:3000. The clinical significance of the examination during its first stage consists of the exclusion of evoked otoacoustic emission. After the completion of the second stage, it is necessary to carry out the regular medical follow up observation of the children suffering from hearing impairment and to undertake the early rehabilitative treatment based on the application of hearing aids and prosthetic devices. Sensorineural hearing loss was found to be the predominant form of hearing disorders in the children during the first year of life (80%). The impairment of hearing was documented in 22.3% of the premature children which suggests the necessity of long-term monitoring of evoked otoacoustic emission in these patients.
The objective of the present study was to improve diagnostics of disturbances in the laryngeal condition of the patients presenting with euthyroid multinodular goiter with special reference to the condition of the upper respiratory passages. The preoperative characteristic of 398 patients included the description of the predominant clinical syndrome (the neoplastic and compressive variants) and specification of the morphological type of the disease to promote the decrease of operative activity with respect to colloidal proliferative goiter. Direct laryngoscopy was employed in addition to the traditional diagnostic techniques during both the surgical operation and the follow-up observation. Hoarseness developed in the postoperative period in 13.4% to 16.9% of the patients. Postoperative transient and persistent laryngeal paresis was documented in 1.5% and from 1.5% to 4.2% of the cases respectively. Direct laryngoscopy revealed the symptoms of laryngitis and laryngotracheitis as well as foci of leukoplakia, laryngeal cysts and nodules, besides disturbances in the mobility of the vocal chordae. It is concluded that the above pathological changes in the laryngeal structures should be identified during the preoperative examination of the patients presenting with euthyroid multinodular goiter while direct laryngoscopy must be included in the program of postoperative supervision.
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