No abstract

In case of significant technogenic geochemical loads on agricultural landscapes, the issue of ecological forecasting of environmental management is particularly important. Scientific studies of this issue are aimed at establishing the critical values for the components of the ecosystem, the classification of technogenic sources of hazardous substances, levels of soil contamination. This study presents a research to determine the content of heavy metals in the soils of the Ryazan region (Russia) and analyzed the level of their pollution. In the experiments organic, organomineral and mineral fertilizers systems were studied. From 2002 to 2008 were conducted lysimetric experiments on detoxification of elevated pollution of sod-podzol sandy loam soil, and from 2006 to 2008 of podzolized black soil. The participation of the non-ferrous metals plant emissions was detected in the pollution of sod-podzol light in granulometric composition soils with copper of up to 80 mg·kg-1, when the average concentration of Cu in the soil was 38.8 ±6 mg·kg-1. Humification plays a significant role in the formation of soil, its most important properties and characteristics. The saturation of 1 hectare of sown area with organic was slightly different in the experiments, but the intensity of accumulation of humus from the various agrochemical means did not almost differ. The problem of adaptation of plants in the conditions of technogenic environment is of primary importance. Plants have three biobarera against the admission of toxicants, these are the soil – the root – the stem – the reproductive organs. Grain in contaminated soil is environmentally hazardous as the content of Pb is indicated at the level of 0.68, 1.17 mg·kg-1 (MPC 0.5), Cd – 0.27, 0.11 mg·kg-1 (MPC 0.1), Zn – 76 mg·kg-1 (50 MPC). Use of fertilizing systems had a mostly positive effect, but products do not always become environmentally friendly.

Abstract. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, within the framework of the Energy and Natural Resources program, invests in regions to irrigate peatlands for the implementation of a large-scale international project "Wetlands and Climate". Similar activities began in Meshchera, a large forest and marsh area in Central Russia, where wildfires often occur in dry summers. However, in these investment projects, environmental and economic risks are not sufficiently taken into account. The proposed new approach is based on modelling the soil cover after implementing measures for flooding fire-hazardous peatlands. This allows us to quantify how flooding affects the risks associated with fires. It also allows finding the most economically effective type of land use after flooding. We carried out numerical simulation of flooding for a separate land plot in Ryazan Meshchera, which showed a twofold reduction in the risks associated with fires, as well as an increase in largescale heterogeneity of the soil cover. This led to the conclusion that for this site the most cost-effective will be investment in projects aimed at narrowly specialized land use.

The effect of long-term irrigation by livestock waste on the fertility of sod-podzolic soil has been studied in irrigation fields since 1999. At the same time, it has been found that as a result of fertilizer irrigation by livestock waste, the reliability of the specialized water rotation and amelioration system increases significantly during conducting agromeliorative practices that have a beneficial effect on the hydrological regime of irrigated lands. Depending on the moisture supply of the growing season during irrigation by livestock waste with an average nitrogen rate of 280 kg•ha -1 , in order to create an optimal water regime, it was necessary to carry out from three to six irrigations with one-time norms of 18-25 mm in different years. At the same time, irrigation norms ranged from 59-135 mm. Over the years of research, the water consumption of perennial grasses averaged 488.7 mm in control without irrigation, and 491-493.3 mm during watering by waste, depending on the conducted argomeliorative measures. The greatest total water consumption of perennial grasses was noted in the variant of irrigation by livestock waste against the background of drainless drainage combined with deep cultivation and the application of straw. Compared to the control without irrigation in irrigated variants, the total water consumption of perennial grasses was on average 85.2-90.3 mm or 21.1-22.4 % more. The water consumption of perennial grasses obtained by the calculation method for the sum of air humidity deficits using bioclimatic coefficients was 496.3 mm on average over the years of research and differed from the actual water consumption obtained in the experiment by no more than 5-10 %. On the basis of many years of research, it can be concluded that it is recommended to carry out deep cultivation (60 cm) and apply straw at a rate of 4.0 t•ha -1 to improve the water regime and agrophysical properties of soil during using livestock waste in irrigation fields. The effectiveness of agromeliorative practices has been observed for 5-6 years.