Objectives: To study the impact of anti-inflammatory agent like Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous extract and diclofenac on blood pressure and creatinine clearance. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha, Department of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha. Period: 1st January 2019 to 30th June 2019. Material & Methods: 24 Sprague Dawley rats were obtained and were then divided into four groups. Negative control group (A) contained animals received normal diet while Group B, C and D received diet containing sucrose (20% w/w) to induce hypertension. After that group B (positive control group) received distilled water 0.5 ml was by oral route, group C (Bryophyllum pinnatum group) received Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous extract 300 mg/ml intraperitoneally and group D received diclofenac 12 mg/kg intraperitoneally as a single morning dose for two weeks. Blood pressure of animals was recorded at baseline and then weekly throughout the study using tail cuff using non-invasive blood pressure controller (ML125R). Animals were anesthetised with chloroform and two ml blood was drawn through cardiac puncture at 0, 4and 6 weeks. Blood was tested for haematocrit. Serum sodium and potassium levels were estimated by flame photometer. Urinary creatinine levels were estimated by kinetic Jaffé method. The data collected was processed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20). Results: Mean and standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (BP) of group A rats did not change with time, while that of group B, C and D increased till 4th week. Creatinine clearance of group A, B and C did not change much with time but that of group D decreased towards end of study period. Conclusion: Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf aqueous extract is an effective anti-hypertensive agent with minimal renal effects.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of Aloe vera and undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% for Melasma treatment. Study Design: Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: OPD Dermatology Department of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha. Period: October 2018 to March 2019. Material & Method: There were total 120 patients (both male and female) having 60 patients in each group. Patients with melasma were at random allocated either Aloe vera leaf gel and undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% at night for 12 weeks. Aloe vera leaf gel and undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% were packed in indistinguishable similar tubes numbered 1 and 2 respectively. Neither the investigators who calculated MASI score nor the patients was aware which tube carry Aloe vera leaf gel or undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2%. The patients were advised to revisit after every 4 weeks for follow-up for three months. Results: On comparison, the mean of Modified MASI score with treatment with Aloe vera leaf gel was reduced from 17.81 to 17.36. One way ANOVA was applied to compare improvement of modified MASI score at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks by applying Aloe vera leaf gel which was insignificant with p-value of 0.535. Mean of Modified MASI score with treatment with undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% was reduced from 18.13 to 4.95. One way ANOVA was quite significant with undecylenoyl phenylalanine 2% with p-value of ˂ 0.001. Conclusion: Undecylenoyl phenylalanine may represent an efficious and beneficial therapy of melasma. Herbal agents which contain Aloe vera and falsely claim that they are effective should be discouraged to treat melasma.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Oral Ivermectin with Permethrin 1% Shampoo in the treatment of Pediculosis Capitis Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Setting & Study duration: This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Bolan Medical College/ Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta from December 24, 2016 to June 23, 2017 (6 months) Materials and Methods: All children of either gender having age 5 and above weight more than 15 kg presented with head-lice infestation confirmed by combing the wet hair with a fine-toothed detection comb were enrolled. All patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients in group A received oral Ivermectin in dose of 200mcg/kg while patients in group B received application of 1% Permethrin Shampoo. They were called after one week and they received second dose of oral Ivermectin in same dose of 200mcg/kg and application of Permethrin 1% Shampoo and re-evaluated after one week. Treatment was considered effective by absence of live lice by day 15 of treatment. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 17.Mean age of the patient in the sample was calculated. Male to female ratio was determined in the sample. In both the groups, frequency of patients having no live louse in the head on 15th day was calculated. The frequency in both groups was compared by applying chi square test keeping p-value≤ 0.05. Results: Majority of the patients presented were females in both group, i.e. 20 (66.7%) and 23 (76.7%) respectively. Insignificant difference was observed in the mean age in between group (p- value 0.482). Efficacy was found significantly higher in oral Ivermectin group 26 (86.7%) as compared to 1% Permethrin Shampoo. (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The efficacy of oral Ivermectin group was considerably higher as compared to 1% Permethrin Shampoo in our cohort.

Background: Malignancy of cervix is the major health burden in South Asia including Pakistan. PAP smear is the screening test for its early detection. To find out the specificity and sensitivity of the system called as Bethesda system, the correlation of cytological findings with histopathology,with histopathological examination as the golden standard. Aim: To find out the cytological utility in diagnosing different pathologies of cervix, to assess and infer the epithelial lesions cases and to correlate cytology findings with its consequent follow-up biopsies. Methods: This study was carried out taking 150 PAP smears of women coming to gynecological OPD ofShaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from September 2020 to February 2021. There correlation with subsequent follow-up histology sections by using 2001 revised Bethesda System.Different factors analysis which were causing inconsistencies was done. Results:The overall sensitivity of PAP smear is 86.94%, specificity 57.14%, positive predictive value 86.94 %, negative predictive value 57.14 % and accuracy 80% in detecting low/high grade lesions and malignancy. Keywords: Bethesda system,Cervix cytology findings; Histopathological findings.

Aim: To compare the efficacy & safety of blue light vs topical application of 1% clindamycin solution in the treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. Study Design: Comparative interventional study done in Dermatology Outpatient Department Unit-II, KEMU/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore six months i.e. 1-06-2014 – 30-11-2014 Methodology: After an informed and written consent, 130 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were enrolled in the study and divided in two study groups A & B by balloting method. At first visit, a detailed history and clinical examination was recorded on a specially designed proforma. The acne was graded according to the acne grading scale of American Academy of Dermatology.4,13 Group A was exposed to blue light for twenty minutes twice weekly for eight weeks. Group B was given 1% clindamycin to apply twice daily for a period of eight weeks. Post- treatment follow up was done for next four weeks. Patients were assessed at 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th week. All findings and side effects were recorded on a predesigned proforma. To determine the efficacy of treatment, Acne Severity Index (ASI) was used.5 Result: Efficacy of treatment [≥ 50% improvement in ASI score] was seen in 39(60%) patients in blue light group while in clindamycin group it was achieved in 8 (12.3%) patients only. Blue light group had significantly less number of side effects observed in 35 (37.23%) patients while clindamycin group had a higher number of side effects observed in 59 (62.77%) patients, p-value= 0.013. Conclusion: Blue light is more efficacious and safer than topical 1% clindamycin in the treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. Keywords: Blue light, 1% Clindamycin, Acne vulgaris