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Abstrak: Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenalpasti cabaran yang dihadapi oleh guru dalam pelaksanaan Persekitaran Pembelajaran Maya ataupun lebih dikenali sebagai Frog Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) di bilik darjah. Kajian berpendekatan kualitatif ini menggunakan teknik in-depth interview untuk mengumpul data. Dengan menggunakan persampelan bertujuan, lapan orang guru telah ditemu bual menggunakan protokol temubual Levels of Use Interview Schedule (LoU-IS) yang telah diubahsuai untuk mendapatkan maklumat berkaitan dengan cabaran yang mereka hadapi dalam penggunaan Frog VLE. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan antara cabaran yang dihadapi oleh guru dalam pelaksanaan Frog VLE ini adalah: kekangan infrastruktur; kekangan masa; inisiatif guru; efikasi kendiri guru; serta integriti dan sikap guru terhadap Frog VLE.Kata kunci: Cabaran, Frog VLE, sistem pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) Abstract:The main purpose of the study was to identify teachers' encountered challenges in the implementation of Frog Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) in the classrooms. This qualitative study employed the in-depth interview method for data collection. A purposive sampling of eight teachers were interviewed. An adapted Level of Use Interview Schedule (LoU-IS) was used as the instrument to elicit information on the

Given the centrality of students' engagement in their academic success, considerable attention has been paid to this construct and its potential predictors. Notwithstanding, a limited number of studies have focused on the role of teacher self- and collective efficacy as antecedents of student engagement. Further, no review study has been carried out to illustrate the impact of EFL teacher' efficacy on learning engagement. Hence, the current study intends to review the previous studies conducted on this topic to probe into the beneficial effects of EFL teachers' sense of efficacy on students' academic engagement. The predictability power of EFL teachers' self- and collective efficacy was confirmed through empirical and theoretical evidence. The conclusion and pedagogical implications of the finding are also discussed.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the revised road safety education module in enhancing knowledge, attitude and perceived behavioural control regarding road safety among school students. Data were gathered from a total of 835 students aged 15 years old (male = 381, female = 454) from six states across Malaysia. The samples were divided into treatment and control groups. The revised road safety module was supplied to the treatment group, whereas the control group did not use any module. For this purpose, a self-developed survey was employed to gauge responses. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 22.0 software. The ANCOVA suggested that the treatment group demonstrated significantly higher mean scores in the post-test for both the knowledge and attitude towards road safety compared to the control group. However, no significant difference between the groups was reported for the construct of perceived behavioural control. The outcome of this research shall provide information to agencies such as the Road Safety Department of Malaysia and the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research to plan implementation of the revised module to all schools in 2020.

The present study aims to get an insight into the learning perspectives of students who obtain 3+ GPA at the Business department of a Public Sector University in Pakistan. This study includes 4 undergraduate business students from 8 th semester (2 males and 2 females) who maintained 3+ GPA till 7 th semester. A qualitative case study approach was selected. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews i.e. one-to-one and focused group interviews. Open-coding strategy was used to analyze data and data was reported thematically. Findings of this study reveal that students perceive learning as practicality approach. Students perceive that learning is whatever they perform in perspective of physical condition and their learning occurs when they are provided with any situation in real context. Finding also shows the harmful factors which hinder students' learning and also suggestions to address those factors. This study has a number of implications for students, teachers and university policy makers. The study provides some recommendations that could be taken into account by university management, policy makers and teachers and in order to set up and deliver effective learning opportunities for students by recognizing different ways of learning, which would bring benefits to students. This study is a first attempt to explore the learning perspectives of students in a business department of a public sector university in Pakistan and it will contribute to low achievers to get higher GPA by applying the results.