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Time-series smart meter data can record precisely electricity consumption behaviors of every consumer in the smart grid system. A better understanding of consumption behaviors and an effective consumer categorization based on the similarity of these behaviors can be helpful for flexible demand management and effective energy control. In this paper, we propose a hybrid machine learning model including both unsupervised clustering and supervised classification for categorizing consumers based on the similarity of their typical electricity consumption behaviors. Unsupervised clustering algorithm is used to extract the typical electricity consumption behaviors and perform fuzzy consumer categorization, followed by a proposed novel algorithm to identify distinct consumer categories and their consumption characteristics. Supervised classification algorithm is used to classify new consumers and evaluate the validity of the identified categories. The proposed model is applied to a real dataset of U.S. non-residential consumers collected by smart meters over one year. The results indicate that large or special institutions usually have their distinct consumption characteristics while others such as some medium and small institutions or similar building types may have the same characteristics. Moreover, the comparison results with other methods show the improved performance of the proposed model in terms of category identification and classifying accuracy.

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The IoT-enabled smart grid system provides smart meter data for electricity consumers to record their energy consumption behaviors, the typical features of which can be represented by the load patterns extracted from load data clustering. The changeability of consumption behaviors requires load pattern update for achieving accurate consumer segmentation and effective demand response. In order to save training time and reduce computation scale, we propose a novel incremental clustering algorithm with probability strategy, ICluster-PS, instead of overall load data clustering to update load patterns. ICluster-PS first conducts new load pattern extraction based on the existing load patterns and new data. Then, it intergrades new load patterns with the existing ones. Finally, it optimizes the intergraded load pattern sets by a further modification. Moreover, ICluster-PS can be performed continuously with new coming data due to parameter updating and generalization. Extensive experiments are implemented on real-world dataset containing diverse consumer types in various districts. The experimental results are evaluated by both clustering validity indices and accuracy measures, which indicate that ICluster-PS outperforms other related incremental clustering algorithm. Additionally, according to the further case studies on pattern evolution analysis, ICluster-PS is able to present any pattern drifts through its incremental clustering results.

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