Beneficial effect of triclosan against Gram positive bacteria could not be confirmed in our study due to the relatively low number of patients with SSI. Furthermore, triclosan did not influence the incidence of SSI due to Gram negative bacteria. SSI rate decreased by 50% compared to our previous study, however, it was regardless of the use of coated or uncoated PDS loop. Finally, operative factors were more important than patient's risk factors in terms of incidence of SSI. In case SSI developed, delayed discharge from hospital as well as special wound care significantly increased overall cost of treatment.

Introduction: Blunt or penetrating pancreatic trauma represents only 0.2-2% of all trauma cases and approximately 3-12% of all abdominal injuries. While treatment protocol debates of other intra-abdominal and thoracic organ injuries seem to reach comforting conclusions, satisfying evidence-based recommendations regarding the pancreas have not been released yet. However, high grade trauma of the pancreas can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. The question is, when and how to treat it conservatively or operatively. Objectives/Methods: This study is a review of contemporary literature on children and adult pancreatic trauma management strategies and findings. The purpose is to evaluate current classifications and the efficacy of subsequent non-operative and operative treatments. We list the established grading systems starting from physical examination, imaging diagnosis, to indications for surgery or conservative management, followed by post-treatment morbidity and mortality rates. Conclusions: Current operative or non-operative management strategies are not based on randomized -or even, in fact, on prospective -clinical trials. Most of the available publications demonstrate small retrospective patient cohorts and expert opinions. To date, no convincing high level (at least Level III) evidence-based recommendations have been published in terms of treatment of these injuries. There is a general agreement, that the injury of the main pancreatic duct is the thin red line, dividing conservative and operative strategies. Low grade pancreatic injury can be treated conservatively not significantly different from protocols developed for mild pancreatitis of other origin. Pancreatic duct damage in adults requires either minimal invasive intervention or exploration and reconstruction/resection via laparotomy. Treatment strategies of high grade paediatric pancreatic injuries remain controversial. Associated organ injuries can mask the symptoms of pancreatic trauma. Missed main pancreatic duct injuries pose a clinically challenging situation with serious complications and considerable mortality. Pancreatic injury in polytrauma poses the highest risk. Present perspectives for survival of pancreatic injury as mono trauma varies between 95-100%, while as a part of polytrauma, the mortality rate is as high as 30-35%. Multicentre prospective, randomized clinical trials would be ideal to support optimal decision making. Heterogeneity of cases and relative rarity of the pathology makes the creation of such a database highly unlikely.Pancreatic injury makes up a relatively small proportion of trauma cases: the pancreas is affected in 0.2-2% of all trauma patients and in 2-12% of all

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A tumorsebészetben a malnutritio független rizikófaktor. A kockázatcsökkentés egyik fontos eleme a perioperatív tápláltsági állapot felmérésén alapuló klinikai táplálás. Az irodalomban jól dokumentált az időben végzett rizikószűrés fontossága, de ennek módja, különösen hazai környezetben, kidolgozatlanabb. Célkitűzés: A malnutritio szempontjából esendőbb csoportot alkotó onkológiai sebészeti betegek azonosíthatóságának igazolása, a szűrési metódus vizsgálata. Módszer: 2016. október és 2018. november között öt kórcsoportban (emlő, máj, pancreas, mellkas, gyomor-bél rendszer) az igazolt vagy gyanított malignitás, illetve gyulladásos bélbetegség miatt műtétre váró betegeket telemedicina-módszerrel kerestük fel. A rizikócsoportokat (nincs rizikó – alultápláltság valószínűsíthető – súlyos alultápláltság) a sebész és dietetikus által közösen vezetett ’Nutritional Risk Score 2002’ (NRS 2002) szűrő pontrendszerrel állapítottuk meg. Az NRS 2002 pontértékeket a posztoperatív lefolyással vetettük össze (kórházi tartózkodás, 30 napon belüli szövődmények Clavien–Dindo szerinti osztályozása). Prospektív vizsgálatunkban 1556 beteg szerepel. Eredmények: Az emlősebészeti betegek (n = 314) 95,2%-a rizikómentes. A májreszekcióra várók (n = 79) 43%-a valószínűleg vagy biztosan alultáplált. A hasnyálmirigyműtétre előjegyzett betegek (n = 122) 81,2%-a emelt rizikójú. A kuratív célú pancreasreszekción átesett betegek pontértéke alacsonyabb, mint a palliatív műtétben részesülőké (p>0,05). A tüdőreszekcióra váró (n = 219) betegeknél 40,7% került emelt rizikócsoportba. Az emelkedett NRS 2002 érték magasabb szövődményaránnyal járt (p<0,05). Béltraktust érintő műtétek (n = 822) esetén a betegek 71,2%-a valószínűleg vagy biztosan súlyosan alultáplált. Az előrehaladott tumorok és a szövődmények egyaránt erős összefüggést mutattak az NRS 2002 értékkel (p<0,01). Következtetés: Az NRS 2002 szűrőmódszer prediktív értékkel bír mind a tumorstádium, mind a szövődmények tekintetében. Módszerünkkel időben felismerhető a fokozott rizikót jelentő betegcsoport, így a pontérték alapján célzott mesterséges táplálás tervezhető. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(13): 504–513. Summary. Introduction: Malnutrition is an independent risk factor in oncologic surgery. Perioperative screening and aimed clinical nutrition are key elements in risk reduction. The importance of timely screening has been well published, but its method is underdeveloped, especially in Hungary. Objective: Evaluation of a malnutrition screening method to identify patients at risk in oncologic surgery. Method: Patients were enrolled from October 2016 to November 2018 in five groups (breast, liver, pancreas, thoracic and gastrointestinal surgery). All patients awaiting surgery for suspected or proven malignancy or for inflammatory bowel disease were screened preoperatively via telephone (telemedicine). Probability for malnutrition (no risk – suspicion for malnutrition – severe malnutrition) was jointly assessed by surgeon and dietitian using Nutritional Risk Score 2002 (NRS 2002). Screening results were compared to the postoperative course (including length of stay and 30-day morbidity/mortality using Clavien–Dindo classification). A total of 1556 patients were identified prospectively. Results: 95.2% of breast surgery patients (n = 314) were not at risk. Malnutrition was suspected or detected in 43% of patients awaiting liver resection (n = 79). Increased risk is present in 81.2% of pancreatic surgery cases (n = 122). Pancreas resections with curative intent were associated with lower scores than in palliative operations (p>0.05). 40.7% of the 219 patients scheduled for lung resection had increased malnutrition risk. Higher NRS 2002 resulted in increased morbidity rate (p<0.05). Surgery on the intestines was performed on 822 cases. 71.2% of them had suspected or severe malnutrition. Presence of advanced cancer and complication rate showed strong relations with increased NRS 2002 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Screening with NRS 2002 has predictive value on both tumor stage and complications. Our method is sound to identify patients at malnutrition risk in time, and thus an aimed clinical nutrition therapy can be planned. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(13): 504–513.

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