The use of multispectral aerial photography data contributes to the study of soybean plants by obtaining objective data. The evaluation of field germination of soybean crops was carried out using multispectral data (MSD). The purpose of this study was to develop ranges of field germination of soybean plants according to multispectral survey data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for three years (2020, 2021, and 2022). As part of the ground-based research, the number of plants that sprang up per unit area was calculated and expressed as a percentage of the seeds sown. A DJI Matrice 200 Series v2 unmanned aerial vehicle and a MicaSense Altum multispectral camera were used for multispectral aerial photography. The correlation between ground-based and multispectral data was 0.70–0.75. The ranges of field germination of soybean breeding crops, as well as the vegetation indices (VIs) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference red edge index (NDRE), and chlorophyll index green (ClGreen) were calculated according to Sturges’ rule. The accuracy of the obtained ranges was estimated using the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The MAPE values did not exceed 10% for the ranges of the NDVI and ClGreen vegetation indices, and were no more than 18% for the NDRE index. The final values of the MAPE for the three years did not exceed 10%. The developed software for the automatic evaluation of the germination of soybean crops contributed to the assessment of the germination level of soybean breeding crops using multispectral aerial photography data. The software considers data of the three vegetation indices and calculated ranges, and creates an overview layer to visualize the germination level of the breeding plots. The developed method contributes to the determination of field germination for numerous breeding plots and speeds up the process of breeding new varieties.

The analysis of long-term data showed that in various agrometeorological conditions, the average yield of the selected numbers of the competitive test was 6.76 t/ha and varied from 6.15 t/ha for the line 4/3-12h 933 to 7.04 t/ha for the Noble variety. The maximum yield was shown in 2016 in the varieties Znatny, Nadezhny and breeding lines 30/3-12h 983 and 135/2-12h 1068 at the level of 8.91 to 9.52 t/ha. The differences between the samples in terms of the level of crop structure elements were revealed. In the group of high-yielding genotypes, breeding lines 141/1-09 h 746, 135/2-13 h 1068, 4/3-12 h 933 were distinguished, the weight of 1000 grains in which was 1.7-5.6 g higher than the average value. Ranking by the complex of the most important productivity characteristics determined the high breeding value of Yaromir, Nadyozhny, Znatny varieties and lines 30/3-12h 983, 135/2-13h 1068 as a source material for breeding to increase the yield of new varieties.

The results of research conducted in 2015-2019 in the forest-steppe agroclimatic zone to identify the dependence of economically valuable traits of soybean varieties on the meteorological conditions of the Ryazan region are presented. The soil of the experimental site is dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition. Reaction of the soil solution-phsol. - 5,2; humus content 5,8 %. Mobile phosphorus content – 191.4 mg / kg of soil; exchange potassium content-108.5 mg / kg of soil; nitrate nitrogen-8.4 mg / kg; ammonium nitrogen-1.57 mg/kg. The object of the research were varieties of soybean breeding, FEDERAL state scientific institution "Ryazan research Institute of agriculture" - Mahewa, George, Whale, Light. The work was carried out in accordance with the methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops and the methodology of field experience. To characterize the climatic conditions, we used an integrated indicator – Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient (GTC). It was found that the duration of the growing season of early — maturing varieties depends more on the weather conditions in july, early-maturing varieties-on the conditions in august. The height of the plant is affected by weather conditions in june, and the weight of 1000 seeds – in july. The yield of soybeans largely depends on the climatic conditions during the main stages of development of the crop. The average yield over the years of the study for varieties was in the range from 1.37 to 1.79 t/ha. The highest yield was recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the GTC close to 1, the lowest yield for varieties was obtained in 2018 with the GTC=0.6. A significant relationship was found between seed yield, seed weight from the plant and the GTC of the growing season: the variation in soybean seed yield by 67% is associated with the action of the studied factors (R2=0.67).

In modern world plant growing soybeans are among the most important protein-oil crops and continue to gain popularity among Russian farmers. The total area under soybean in season 17/18 increased to 2.64 million hectares (+ 18% against season 16/17), with an increase of 21% in the European part of Russia, and 1.64 million tons of oilseeds were harvested. To obtain a high yield with good seed quality, it is very important to create very early, highly productive, ecologically adapted varieties for specific soil and climatic conditions. In the conditions of the Institute of Seed Growing and Agrotechnology - the branch of the FBBUU FNAC VIM in 2013-2017. in breeding nurseries an analysis of the variability of quantitative soybean characteristics was carried out. It has been established that such a feature as the duration of the growing season is characterized by weak variability (6.1%). The average variable characteristics include the number of productive nodes on the plant, the mass of seeds from 1 plant and the mass of 1000 seeds. The widest range of variability (27.3-41.8%) is observed in terms of: plant height, number of branches and beans on the plant, seed yield. In our studies, the lowest coefficient of variation (Cv) was found in the George variety - 24.8%. Studies have shown that the yield of seed varieties of varieties over the years ranged from 0.79 to 3.04 t / ha. The evaluation of the soybean breeding material for productivity in different years of research in meteorological conditions showed that the most productive and stable, irrespective of weather conditions, are H 24/11 and H 2/14 varieties with a vegetation period of 102 days.

Представлены результаты изучения сортов сои мировой коллекции ВИР в условиях Рязанской области в 2015 2018 гг. Целью исследований является изучение коллекционного материала сои в условиях Рязанской области и выявление скороспелых и высокопродуктивных образцов, адаптированных к условиям Центрального региона России. В коллекционном питомнике изучалось 224 образца сои из 30 стран, в т.ч. 52 сортов отечественной селекции. Ежегодно самыми скороспелыми сортами были сорта российской селекции Эльдорадо, СибНИИК315, Касатка, Светлая сорта шведской селекции Brawalla и 1384 и сорт Прогресс (Польша). Установлено, что продуктивность сортов сои во все годы исследований в большей степени зависела от количества продуктивных узлов на растении (r 0,738) и количества семян на растении (r 0,827). Урожайность семян в 2015 2018 гг. сильно зависела от погодных условий: наиболее урожайными были сорта Мерлин (Австрия) и Gaillard (Канада). При изменяющихся погодных условиях важным показателем сортов является их устойчивость к стрессу. Установлено, что самую высокую устойчивость к стрессу ( 3,7) имеют сорт Елена (Украина) и линия Н17/09 (Россия). Самую низкую стрессоустойчивость имели сорта Мерлин ( 13,6) и MON04 ( 13,5). Полученные новые знания будут использованы в практической селекции при создании новых сортов, адаптированных к условиям Центрального региона России. При селекции сои на продуктивность необходимо учитывать количество продуктивных узлов, бобов и семян на растении. Селекция на скороспелость осуществляется с учётом пригодности сортов к механизированной уборке.The results of the study of soybean varieties of the world collection of VIR in the conditions of the Ryazan region in 2015 2018 are presented. The aim of the research is to study the collectable material of soybeans in the conditions of the Ryazan region and to identify earlyripening and highly productive samples adapted to the conditions of the Central region of Russia. 224 samples of soy from 30 countries were studied in a collection nursery including 52 of varieties of domestic selection. Annually the most earlyripening varieties were varieties of Russian selection Eldorado, SibNIIK315, Kasatka, Svetlaya varieties of Swedish selection Brawalla and 1384 and variety Progress (Poland). It was established that the productivity of soybean varieties in all years of research was more dependent on the number of productive nodes on the plant (r 0.738) and the number of seeds on the plant (r 0.827). Seed yield in 2015 2018 strongly depended on weather conditions: the most productive varieties were Merlin (Austria) and Gaillard (Canada). Under changing weather conditions an important indicator of varieties is their resistance to stress. It was established that the highest resistance to stress ( 3.7) was in the variety Elena (Ukraine) and the line N17/09 (Russia). The lowest stress resistance had varieties Merlin ( 13.6) and MON04 ( 13.5). The new knowledge gained will be used in practical selection to create new varieties adapted to the conditions of the Central region of Russia. When selecting soybeans for productivity it is necessary to take into account the number of productive nodes, beans and seeds on the plant. Selection for early ripeness is carried out taking into account the suitability of varieties for mechanized harvesting.