Цель: Разработка комплексной диагностики и оценка клинической эффективности патогенетической терапии острого и хронического эндометрита. Методы: Проведена комплексная клинико-инструментальная и иммунологическая оценка интерферонового, иммунного статуса и цитокинов в сыворотке крови и в аспирате эндометрия до и после комплексной терапии. Результаты: При остром эндометрите в аспирате эндометрия отмечены высокие уровни провоспалительных цитокинов с преобладанием IL1β и IL6, что свидетельствует о тяжести течения и прогнозирует исход заболевания. Уровни провоспалительных цитокинов в аспирате из полости матки повышены в 5-8 раз, по сравнению с сывороткой крови (в 3-5 раз), что подтверждает более выраженную локальную воспалительную реакцию и обосновывает местную иммунокоррекцию. При хроническом эндометрите выявлено снижение резервных возможностей иммунокомпетентных клеток при индукции лейкоцитов in vitro. Выводы: Подтверждена необходимость коррекции всех звеньев иммунной системы. Для определения степени распространения воспалительного процесса и выбора тактики локальной иммунотерапии при остром эндометрите на фоне самопроизвольного выкидыша или неразвивающейся беременности, удаление фрагментов хориальной или плацентарной ткани эффективно проводить под контролем гистероскопии, с оценкой продукции цитокинов (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-10) в эндометрии и морфологическим заключением. Разработана тактика иммунореабилитации с использованием препарата рекомбинантного интерферона-α2b у больных эндометритом. Ключевые слова Воспалительные заболевания матки, рекомбинантный интерферон-α2b, иммунный статус, иммунореабилитация.
Identification of interrelated innate and sensitive immune responses in COVID-19 is an important step in the development of targeted therapeutic approaches, which is relevant. Objective. To clarify the features of the defect in the function of NK cells, T lymphocytes, the interferon system in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Patients and methods. Tests of the peripheral blood of 50 COVID-19 patients aged 61(57–71) and having the moderate and severe disease were performed. The following parameters were measured: the quantity of CD3+CD19–, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK – (CD3–CD16+CD56+), and TNK – CD3+CD16+CD56+ with expression density considered membrane receptors (MFI) (FC 500 Beckman Coulter, USA), the levels of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α cytokines (IFA). Results. Combined immunodeficiency associated with quantitative and functional defects in NK, T lymphocytes and their subsets was revealed in moderate and severe COVID-19. An imbalance of cytokines has been established: blockade of the production of IFN-α and IFN-γ against the background of a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-α, which negatively affects both the number and functionality of the participants in the immune response and is associated with a severe course and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate the need to develop new strategies and tactics for the treatment of COVID-19, including replacement systemic therapy with recombinant IFN-α2b in combination with antioxidants (Viferon®) in adequate therapeutic doses, aimed at restoring the normal functioning of T lymphocytes, NK and the interferon system. Key words: COVID-19, interferons, moderate and severe disease course, NK cells, T lymphocytes
Conducted clinical and immunological examination of 51 children with acute Epstein-Barr viral mononucleosis (EBV) in age from 1 year to 7 years. All children diagnosed with a moderate degree of the disease. In the treatment of 25 people (comparison group) used the standard treatment (pathogenetic, symptomatic), treatment 26 people (main group) included the use as antiviral and immunotropic means of the preparation of human recombinant interferon Alfa-2b in the form of rectal suppositories-VIFERON ®. The immunological survey was conducted in dynamics: at the height of the disease and in the convalescence period. The blood was determined indicators of cellular immunity (leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, HLAII+, CD95+, CD16+, CD25+), the concentration of IFN-, IFN-, IL-4 levels in spontaneous and induced production, in the serum). At milestones children of the main group noted rapid regression of clinical symptoms, normalization of body temperature, reducing intoxication, positive dynamics lymphoproliferative syndrome), a significant reduction in bed-days, no layering respiratory viral infections. Interferon had also expressed a positive impact on the changed parameters of cellular immunity and cytokine links. At the same time, 80% of patients after basic treatment is established the predominance of Th2 type immune response, indicating a high risk of developing chronic course of EBV-mononucleosis.
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