Цель. Оценить клинические и гемодинамические параллели у детей дошколь-ного возраста с аритмиями в различных возрастных группах. Материал и методы. Обследовано 195 детей с идиопатическими аритмиями в возрасте от 0 до 7 лет -82 пациента с синдромом WPW, 55 детей с пред-сердными тахикардиями, 7 детей с АВУРТ, 13 -с желудочковыми тахикарди-ями (ЖТ), 38 детей с желудочковыми и наджелудочковыми экстрасистолиями (изолированной, групповой и их сочетанием). Возрастные группы: 1 -дети до 1 года (n=72; 37%); 2 -дети от 1 до 3 лет (n=37; 19%); 3 -дети от 3 до 7 лет (n=87; 44%). Всем пациентам проводилось общеклиническое обследование, электрокардиография в 12 стандартных отведениях, Холтеровское монитори-рование, эхокардиография. Результаты. При анализе вариантов течения тахикардий выявлено прео-бладание пароксизмального течения тахикардии у детей от 3 до 7 лет (p=0,001) и постоянного течения тахикардии у детей до 1 года (p<0,001). Частота приступов при пароксизмальных тахикардиях у детей до 1 года была выше по сравнению с детьми от 1 до 3 лет (p=0,028) и детьми от 3 до 7 лет (p<0,001). При оценке показателей ЭхоКГ у детей с аритмиями в зави-симости от возраста выявлено значимое преобладание признаков АКМП у старших детей по отношению к младшим (p=0,002). Проявления сердеч-ной недостаточности (СН) в большей мере оказались свойственны детям до 1 года по сравнению с детьми от 1 до 3 лет и от 3 до 7 лет (F=44,117; p=<0,001). Заключение. Таким образом, аритмогенное ремоделирование сердца в большей степени свойственно детям в возрасте от 3 до 7 лет. У пациентов с аритмиями в возрасте до 1 года клинические проявления СН сопровожда-ются диастолическими нарушениями, предшествующими развитию АКМП, которую традиционно принято считать систолической дисфункцией. К факто-рам, влияющим на данные гемодинамические закономерности, относятся высокая среднесуточная ЧСС, склонность тахикардий к постоянному и непре-рывно-рецидивирующему течению, большая частота приступов при пароксиз-мальных тахикардиях у детей до 1 года. Aim. To study clinical and hemodynamic parallels in preschool children with arrhythmias in different age groups. (p=0,028) and 3-7 y. o. children (p<0,001). In assessment of echocardiography of arrhythmic children depended on age there was significant prevalence of ACMP in older children comparing to the younger (p=0,002). Signs of heart failure were more common in children of 1 y. o. comparing to those of 1-3 and 3-7 y. o. (F=44,117; p=<0,001). Conclusion.So the arrhythmogenic heart remodeling mostly common for the children of 3 to 7 y. o. In less 1 year infants with arrhythmias clinical signs of HF are followed by diastolic disorders that develop before ACMP development, that is traditionally regarded as systolic dysfunction. Into the factors that influence these hemodynamic relations we include high mean heartrate, tendency of tachicardias to recurrent and permanent course, high frequency of attacks in paroxysmal tachicardias in infants before 1 year old. Russ J Cardiol 2014, 12 (116): 31-37http://dx

Rhythm and conduction disorders of the heart occupy one of the leading places in the structure of cardiovascular pathology in children. Atrioventricular block is the slowing down or loss of impulses from the atria to the ventricles. The team of authors presents clinical guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, including all stages of diagnosis and treatment of children with atrioventricular block. The use of guidelines in clinical practice will allow to choose the best strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of atrioventricular block for each individual patient.

Rhythm and conduction disorders of the heart occupy one of the leading places in the structure of cardiovascular pathology in children. Supraventricular tachycardias means tachyarrhythmias, caused by abnormal myocardial excitation with the source of rhythm localization above the His bundle bifurcation-in the atria, atrioventricular junction (node), and also arrhythmias with circulation of the excitation wave between the atria and the ventricles with additional atrial compounds. The team of authors presents clinical recommendations developed on the principles of evidence-based medicine, including all stages of diagnosis and treatment of children with supraventricular tachycardias. The use of recommendations in clinical practice allows to selecte the best strategy for diagnosis and treatment of supraventricular tachycardia in a particular patient.

Clinical course, prognosis and mechanisms of separate forms of heart rhythm disorders in children differ from those in adults. Especially, it refers to new-borns and infants whose conduction system differs by functional and morphologic immaturity. In connection with it, the assessment of natural history of heart rhythm disorders, occurred in a perinatal period, and determination of risk factors of arrhythmia appearance in infants are of some interest. 88 newborns took part in the study. The patients were involved by continuous sampling technique. Risk factors, occurred in a perinatal period and potentially influenced on development of heart rhythm disorders, were assessed. In our study we took biological, gynecologic and obstetric history, data of gestation and delivery course, early and late neonatal period, early infancy, Echo, neurosonography, Holter monitoring with determination of heart rhythm variability, and determined thyroid hormonal status. Maximum specific gravity had extrasystoles – 32.4% – in the structure of idiopathic arrhythmias in infants. Heart rhythm disorders with natural history were kept at six months of life only in 5,4% of children. Persistence of arrhythmias was marked during one year only for WPW syndrome. Heart rhythm disorders are often marked significantly in children whose mothers had acute respiratory disease during the pregnancy, or if the children were born from the first pregnancy, had the signs of central nervous system damage syndromes in an early perinatal period (arrest, intracranial hypertension, convulsive disorder). Disorders of autonomic imbalance of cardiac function and peculiarities of hemodynamics of pulmonary circulation contribute significantly into appearance and persistence of all types of arrhythmias. On the whole, the prognosis of heart rhythm disorders, occurred in the perinatal period, without organic and structural changes of myocardium is favorable. The exclusion can be made for congenital atrioventricular block and some types of supraventricular tachycardia which are not responded to treatment.