There was executed the analysis of morbidity and disability rate in workers with occupational diseases (poisoning) of the Republic ofBashkortostan for the periodfrom 2010 to 2014. There is reflected the sectoral distribution of the relative indices of the occupational morbidity. There are selected factors of labor and the labor process, promoting occupational diseases (OD). The leading place in the structure of primary morbidity is held by OD related to physical overload and functional overexertion of certain organs and systems; the second - by diseases associated with exposure to physicalfactors; the third - by diseases from exposure to workplace allergens. This is followed by illness (intoxications) caused by exposure to chemical factors, industrial aerosols. The share of OD from exposure to biological agents and professional tumors in total accounts for about 2.0% of all cases of OD revealed for the first time.

Background: Improvement of working conditions at enterprises of various sectors of economy can be achieved by solving comprehensive organizational, social, legal and other tasks. The purpose of the research was to study working conditions and occupational morbidity of workers of various industries in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2000–2019. Materials and methods: We analyzed working conditions of the population employed at the enterprises of the republic and occupational disease rates. Results: Most occupational risk factors were attributed to imperfection of technological processes, equipment and design flaws of machines, mechanisms, equipment, devices and tools. More than a third of cases of occupational disorders were diseases of the musculoskeletal system while every fifth case was that of a respiratory disease; radiculopathy and vibration disease prevailed among nosological forms. Men exposed to general vibration were most at risk of developing occupational diseases, including those induced by other occupational risk factors. At enterprises of mining, construction, and manufacturing industry, working conditions usually failed to meet sanitary and hygienic requirements for physical work heaviness, noise and chemical exposures, in agriculture – for physical work heaviness, and in transport and communications – for work heaviness and intensity. Conclusion: We observed a steady increase in the proportion of employees exposed to occupational risk factors and/or hazards and a simultaneous decrease in registered occupational disease incidence rates.

In modern conditions, improving the working conditions of the working population is a priority area of activity in the field of occupational safety and health. The purpose of the research was to study the gender characteristics of occupational pathology in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2000-2019. Materials and methods. The analysis of the structure of occupational pathology and statistical processing using the Microsoft Excel application software package was carried out. Results. The performed study demonstrated the presence of pronounced features of working conditions and occupational pathology in men and women. Men are more likely than women to work in harmful working conditions with exposed to noise factor, general and local vibration, increased severity and intensity of the labor process, and their combined effect. Conclusion. Attention should be paid to the development of sanitary and hygienic measures aimed at eliminating the causes of occupational pathology or its risk.

Significance. Occupational morbidity is an important component among other indicators used in assessing health of employees. Studying dynamics in this indicator over several years makes it possible to identify specifics of prevalence of occupational diseases within certain territories. Purpose. To identify dynamics in the structure of occupational morbidity in the Republic of Bashkortostan during 2000-2019 on the basis of the medical and statistical analysis. Material and methods. The authors have analyzed 2,561 cases in the Register of occupational diseases to develop their medical and statistical profile. Results. The study found out that the Register of individuals with occupational diseases included 61.8% of males, 60.4% of urban residents with people aged 50-59 and 40-49 prevailing (52.4% and 33.4%, respectively). 3.8% of people in the Register had a 5-year exposure to occupational hazards, 10.6% - a 5 to 10-year exposure to occupational hazards, 15.3% - a 10 to 14-year exposure and about 20% of people had more years of exposure to occupational hazards. In dynamics, there was an increase in the share of males and people aged 50-59 with more than a 25-year exposure to occupational hazards. Determining causes of occupational diseases made it possible to identify that diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue accounted for one third of the occupational disease causes, diseases of the respiratory system accounted for one-fifth, injury, poisoning and consequences of other external exposure accounted for one sixth, while diseases of the nervous system and other diseases accounted for one tenth of all causes of occupational diseases. In dynamics, there was an increase in the share of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and decrease in the share of respiratory diseases. In the structure of diseases, radiculopathy prevailed (20.2%) followed by vibration disease (13.2%). Vibroacoustic factor (28.9%), chemical factor (24.1%), severity and intensity of the labor process (22.9%) are the leading factors in the structure of the working environment and labor process. In 2014-2019, there was an increase in the share of factors of the labor process (severity and intensity).

Background: Over the past decades, the relation between children’s health risks of medical and social factors has changed. In order to determine health effects of some medicosocial factors among primary school children we conducted a questionnaire-based survey of parents in different years. Materials and methods: The studies were conducted in schools of the city of Ufa in the years 2005 and 2017 and included 456 and 465 parents of primary school children, respectively. Results: We established statistically significant relationships between the analyzed medicosocial factors and children’s health. We noticed a decrease in the number of children with the least risk of developing a disease and an increase in the number of children at risk. We also observed some differences between the years of research in adverse health effects of occupational factors in mothers, alcohol consumption by mothers during the perinatal period, and living conditions. Along with the already known risk factors, we found that chronic diseases and tobacco smoking of the father of the unborn child played an important role in the health of schoolchildren. The survey demonstrated that in the year 2017 primary school children spent less time watching television but much more time on the computer than in 2005. Conclusions: A systematic study of medical and social factors is essential for establishing children’s health risk factors and developing appropriate preventive measures. Most risk factors associated with the lifestyle and living conditions are manageable and this fact emphasizes the importance of creating a healthy lifestyle of children and their parents.