The bimetallic system Be-W is studied after room temperature deposition of Be films on W and annealing experiments up to 1070 K using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Already at room temperature an intermixing at the interface occurs. The amount of intermetallic compound increases during the annealing experiments, but is limited to ∼1.2 nm. The surface alloy formation is clearly visible as a binding energy (BE) shift of both core levels Be 1s and W 4f , and in the valence band (VB) region. The surface alloy is stable and the remaining layer thickness is independent of the initial Be layer thickness. Using a combination of sputter depth profiling before and after annealing and Monte Carlo simulation of the sputter process (TRIDYN) the depth scale of Be-W inter-diffusion is determined.

Стратегия лечения системной красной волчанки «до достижения цели» (Treat-to-Target SLE). Pекомендации международной рабочей группы и комментарии российских экспертов Соловьев С.К., Асеева Е.А., Попкова Т.В., Клюквина Н.Г., Решетняк Т.М., Лисицына Т.А., Кошелева Н.М., Цанян М.Э., Меснянкина А.А., Панафидина Т.А., Кондратьева Л.В., Середавкина Н.В., Герасимова E.В.Начало нового тысячелетия ознаменовано существенным прогрессом в развитии ревматологии: более глубо-ко изучен патогенез многих ревматических заболеваний (РЗ), валидированы критерии диагностики, разра-ботаны индексы активности, внедрены понятия ремиссии и обострения, большое внимание стало уделяться изучению качества жизни пациентов. Существенно расширена возможность фармакотерапии иммуновоспа-лительных РЗ за счет появления генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП). Изменилась и стра-тегия терапии пациентов с РЗ. В 2010 г. выдвигается концепция «Лечение до достижения цели» (Treat to Target) для ревматоидного артрита, а позднее для анкилозирующего спондилита. В январе 2013 г. по инициа-тиве ведущих мировых ревматологов стартовал проект создания концепции «Лечение до достижения цели» для системной красной волчанки (СКВ). Результатом их работы стали опубликованные в 2014 г. рекоменда-ции «Лечение СКВ до достижения цели», сформулированные в виде 4 основополагающих принципов и 11 основных рекомендаций. Цель данной публикации -общая характеристика основных положений принципов и рекомендаций с комментариями ведущих специалистов-люпологов с учетом особенностей СКВ в Российской Федерации и обсуждением некоторых дискуссионных и нерешенных проблем. Ключевые слова: системная красная волчанка; «Лечение до достижения цели»; мониторинг. Для ссылки: Соловьев СК, Асеева ЕА, Попкова ТВ и др. Стратегия лечения системной красной волчанки «до достижения цели» (Treat-to-Target SLE). Pекомендации международной рабочей группы и комментарии рос-сийских экспертов. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(1):9-16. The start of the new millennium is marked by a substantial progress in the development of rheumatology: pathogenesis of many rheumatic diseases (RDs) was more deeply studied; their diagnostic criteria validated; disease activity indices worked out; the concepts of remission and exacerbation introduced; much attention has been given to the investigations of quality of life in patients. The possibility of pharmacotherapy for immunoinflammatory RDs was extended by the advent of biological agents (BA). The treatment strategy for RDs was also changed. The treat-to-target concept was put forth for rheumatoid arthritis in 2010 and for ankylosing spondylitis later. The project of treat-to-target concept in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) was launched on the initiative of the world's leading rheumatologists in January 2013. The result of their work is the treat-to-target-in-SLE recommendations published in 2014 and formulated as 4 basic principles and 11 general recommendations. The purpose of this publication is to provide general characteristics of the basic provisions...

No abstract

No abstract

Objective:to determine the incidence of insulin resistance (IR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to assess the relationship of IR to blood lipid profile changes and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS).Subjects and methods.The investigation enrolled 47 RA patients (41 women and 6 men) without a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and with normal fasting glucose levels during examination. The patients' median age was 56 [39; 62] years; disease duration – 6 [5; 14] years. Most of the patients had low (40.4%) or moderate (42.6%) RA activity (DAS28). IR was diagnosed using the Homeostastic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index 2.77. The presence of MS was assessed by the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATPIII) criteria and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.Results and discussion.The median HOMA-IR value in RA patients was 1.7 [1.1; 3.2]. The HOMA-IR index correlated with age (r=0.3; p=0.04), body mass index (r=0.6; p<0.001), waist circumference (r=0.6; p<0.001), and the concentrations of total cholesterol (r=0.3; p=0.02) and triglycerides (TG) (r=0.5; p<0.001). All the patients were divided into two groups: 1) 15 patients with IR; 2) 32 patients without IR. The patients of both groups were matched for sex, age, RA duration and activity, and therapy, but the RA patients with IR more often had abdominal obesity (100.0 and 37.5%), hypertriglyceridemia (33.3 and 6.3%) and the atherogenic index >3.0 (40.0 and 6.3%, respectively; p<0.05 in all cases). MS was diagnosed using the NCEP/ATPIII criteria in 46.7% of cases with RI and in 6.3% of those without IR; MS was identified by the IDF criteria in 60.0 and 12.5% of cases, respectively (p<0.01 in all cases). There were no differences between groups in the incidence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, or in the frequency of surgeries for myocardial revascularization.Conclusion.More than 30% of RA patients without DM have IR (HOMA-IR ≥2.77). IR in RA is associated with obesity, elevated blood TG levels, and a proatherogenic lipid profile. The use of the criteria for MS could not always allows suspect IR in patients with RA.