Analysis of COVID-19 features in individuals who regularly practice aerobic training. Methods. Asymptomatic persons and patients with COVID-19 older than 30 years, 293 people (180 men and 113 women), 214 of them – inhabitants of the Moscow region (the beginning of the sampling – 2nd decade of April 2020) and 79 – inhabitants of the Belgorod region (the beginning of the sampling – 2nd decade of May 2020), adapted (27 people 1st group) and unadapted (266 – control group) to aerobic training (AT). Computer tomography of the chest, RNA test for SARS-CoV-2 in smears from the nasopharynx-oropharynx, the clinical blood sample and level of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were studied. The criterion for adaptation to aerobic loads was considered compliance with the rules of the American Heart Association, 2008. Results. Adapted to AT individuals, in contrast to the control group, characterized with the prevalence of asymptomatic (p = 0.045) and absence of severe forms of COVID-19, limited cataral simptoms of the disease (p < 0.001), rare pneumonia with absence (1) or presence (2) of acute respiratory failure (p1 = 0,028; p2 = 0,034), along with lower prevalence of diseases, potentiating this infection (p = 0.03). Conclusion. Patients adapted to AT have less severe course of COVID-19.
According to the results of integrated assessment of cardiological inpatients with depression, the author identified 2 possible variants of psychosomatic ratios: 1) subordinated with the leading role of a somatic disease in the genesis of developing symptomatic somatogenic and psychogenic mental disorders and 2) independent as the coexistence of mental disorders and a somatic disease. Their consideration is of importance for the diagnosis and substantiation of treatment policy.Key words: cardiovascular diseases, depression. Lyubov Vladimirovna Romasenko: lromasenko@mail.ru Депрессия и сердечно-сосудистые заболеванияПо данным эпидемиологического исследования NHANES III, частота выявления депрессий у мужчин со-ставляет 5,7%, а у женщин -11,7% [1]. В ходе российского исследования КОМПАС установлено, что симптомы де-прессии отмечаются у 45,9% пациентов поликлиник, боль-ниц, научно-исследовательских центров терапевтическо-го, кардиологического и неврологического профиля [2]. В психопатологической картине у больных с сердечно-сосу-дистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ) преобладают разной степе-ни выраженности аффективные расстройства, главным образом депрессивные. Установлено, что депрессия у больных с ССЗ наблюдается значительно чаще, чем в по-пуляции, достигая почти 50% [3].Результаты клинических исследований [4][5][6][7][8][9] показа-ли, что депрессия является чрезвычайно распространенным коморбидным состоянием при гипертонической болезни, ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС), сердечной недоста-точности, инсульте, после оперативных вмешательств на сердце; она существенно осложняет течение и прогноз ССЗ. Симптомы депрессии выражаются в снижении физической активности, эмоциональных проявлений, что значительно снижает качество жизни пациентов. Они могут ухудшать са-мочувствие больного в большей степени, чем симптомы, связанные с ИБС или сердечной недостаточностью [10]. Су-ществует мнение, что депрессию следует рассматривать как новый фактор риска ИБС [11].При этом имеют значение нарушение больными, страдающими депрессией, режима терапии и реабилита-ции, а также комплекс таких функциональных и метаболи-ческих расстройств, как снижение вариабельности сердеч-ного ритма, повышение уровня циркулирующих катехола-минов, которые могут быть триггером злокачественной аритмии, нарушение функции тромбоцитов с повышением активности протромбинового комплекса. Маркерами де-9 Л Е К Ц И Я прессии могут служить такие показатели подострого воспа-ления, как лейкоцитоз, С-реактивный белок, интерлейкин 6 и др. Эти и другие данные свидетельствуют о том, что де-прессия является самостоятельным фактором риска разви-тия ИБС и маркером ее неблагоприятного прогноза. У па-циентов с ИБС и депрессивными расстройствами различ-ной степени тяжести значительно ухудшаются показатели долговременной выживаемости [12].Анализируя соотношения депрессии и сосудистой па-тологии, A.H. Glassman [13] приводит данные ряда исследо-ваний, выполненных на больших выборках соматически здо-ровых с контролем всех известных сердечно-сосудистых фа-кторов риска. Установлено, что ССЗ чаще ...
The interrater reliability of the Munich Diagnostic Checklist (MDCL) was assessed in a small clinical sample and two population samples in the Russian Federation and Belarus. A team of Russian and Belarussian psychiatrists made DSM-III-R diagnoses, using the MDCL as the basis for a standardized interview. The interrater reliability was found to be satisfactory (kappa = 0.86 for case vs non-case distinction). In the population samples, the interviewing psychiatrist, in addition to making a DSM-III-R diagnosis, classified each respondent on a checklist of 11 clinical syndromes familiar to Russian psychiatry and made a severity rating. The overall concurrent validity indices based on the comparison of these diagnostic ratings were fairly high (kappa 0.48-0.82), suggesting considerable agreement between the DSM-III-R and traditional Russian diagnostic concepts.
Objective: to identify psychosomatic and somatopsychic ratios in the clinical picture of disorders detected by internists as functional disorders (FD) of unexplainable or insufficiently explainable origin.Patients and methods. In 2000 to 2017, an internist and a psychiatrist in the Internal Medicine Clinic made a joint examination of 640 patients (175 men and 465 women; the mean age of those in cardiology practice was 27.52±9.03 years; that of those in gastroenterology practice was 42.44±17.2 years, and that of those in pulmonology practice was 40.20±11.4 years) with various risk factors (RFs), who had for many years exhausted the clinical picture of diseases: neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), and thermoneurosis (TN) (a study group). A comparison group included 245 patients (81 men and 164 women; their mean age was 38.78±8.07 and 48.12±10.92 years, respectively) with verified somatic diseases: hypertension, duodenal ulcer, asthma, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The patients were examined using both clinical and paraclinical studies in accordance with the standards for the above diseases and applying psychopathological and psychometric tests.Results and discussion. A comparative interdisciplinary study established that the general medical practice patients with NCD, IBS, FD, HVS, and TN had two etiopathogenetically different clinical RFs: a) RF as the clinical essence of the current somatic disease and b) RF comorbid in certain psychopathological disorders: affective (F30–F39) (57.9%), neurotic (F40–F48) (27.1%), and schizotypic (F21) (15.0%). In the structure of complex psychosomatic syndromes that are often encountered in therapeutic practice, they represent the pivotal manifestations of disease, the adequate diagnosis of which is supposed to require cooperative interdisciplinary work.Conclusion. Thus, our long-term study that is based on a single interdisciplinary approach has allowed us to formulate a modern concept of unity of the clinical stereotype of development of psychosomatic syndromes.
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