Рассмотрены направления деятельности отечественных предприятий по созданию различных типов и моделей пожарно-спасательных автомобилей (АПС) с начала ХХI века. Показана их доля в общем парке пожарных автомобилей (ПА). Определены приоритетные модели АПС по их главным параметрам: вместимости цистерны, базовому шасси, а также использованию других опций, расширяющих функциональные возможности АПС. Дано описание ряда конструкций АПС, представленных на крупнейшей международной выставке «Интершутц» (г. Ганновер), а также на международных салонах «Комплексная безопасность» (Москва). There are considered directions for creation of various fire and rescue vehicles (FRV) types and models of domestic production from the beginning of this century. An increase in their share in the total fire vehicles fleet is demonstrated. The number of FRV, presented at the largest International Exhibition INTERSCHUTZ (Hanover) as well as at INTEGRATED SAFETY & SECURITY EXHIBITIONs (Moscow), is described. The relevance of creation and production of new FRV models is determined by their multifunctionality during fire and rescue operations. Taking into account the expert survey between fire specialists of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation and based on the main FRV parameter - tank capacity, base chassis, and the use of other options increasing the FRV functionality, there are defined the following priority FRV models: crane-manipulator unit, a device for compression foam supply, a hydroabrasive cutting device, a bulldozer blade device. There is presented a brief description of typical FRVs for the last 15-year period from the beginning of their production taking into account the conceptual proposals for their creation on various basic chassis: Ural (4 x 4), KamAZ (4 x 4), (4 x 4), (8 x 4); MAZ (4 x 2), IVECO AMT (4 x 4), (6 x 6) of foreign production: Mercedec-Benz Sprinter (4 x 2) and Fuso Canter (4 x 2), as well as with additional equipment: a medical module; with armoured elements and a blade; with crane manipulator
Рассмотрены этапы и направления создания и производства пожарных автомобилей (ПА) в современной России. Этот период отражен в виде четырех этапов. Значение 1-го 5-летнего этапа воспроизводства ПА после распада СССР (до 1997 г.) состоит в присоединении к двум старейшим предприятиям - изготовителям ограниченного ряда ПА еще шести предприятий с освоением новых типов и моделей основных и специальных ПА в количестве 55 ед. На 2-м этапе (до 2008 г.) создана нормативная база в виде норм пожарной безопасности (НПБ) по разработке, производству и испытанию различных классов ПА. Разработка Типажа ПА на 5-летний период стала базироваться на мониторинге потребности ПА территориальных управлений. В этот период сократились среднегодовые темпы роста освоения новых типов и моделей ПА, но улучшилось качество их изготовления, как с реализацией требований новой нормативной базы, так и за счет использования технологий и компонентов зарубежных производителей. С этого периода началось освоение производства ряда пожарных насосов и стволов нового поколения, которыми стали оснащать ПА. С введением в действие Федерального закона № 123-ФЗ начался 3-й этап создания и производства ПА. Разработана и внедрена нормативная база - национальные стандарты, определяющие классификацию, номенклатуру показателей и технические требования к ПА. Создан ряд типов и моделей ПА с инновационными составляющими. The article reflects the 4 time stages of creation and manufacture of fire vehicles (PA) in modern Russia after the collapse of the USSR. During the first stage until 1997 there were developed and mastered basic PA in the amount of 55 units meeting the needs of fire protection of the country at that time period. During the second stage until 2008 there was defined and created the regulatory framework in the form of fire safety standards (NPB) for the main range of fire vehicles for basic and special purposes. Data on the rate of manufacture of fire vehicles in comparison with the first period of manufacture are presented. There was mentioned the improvement of production quality with the use of new technologies and foreign experience in creating such models. When developing «PA Types» for a five-year period the monitoring of territorial departments of EMERCOM of Russia, which determines the need for a certain type and model of PA, has become important. The standard configuration of PA is defined by the order of EMERCOM of Russia. Since 2009 the third stage in PA creation has begun, taking into account the effect of Federal Law No. 123 dated June, 22 as well as the developed national standards for PA, which defined the classification, nomenclature and technical requirements for PA. The number of innovative models of these products were created during this period including: fire and rescue evacuation and tunnel vehicles, PA for operating conditions at temperatures up to below 60 °C, pump and hose systems, and others. The interstate standard GOST 34350-2017 (since 01.03.2019) is put in force during the fourth stage of the creation and production of PA in 2019.This standard defines the general requirements for basic PA and their test methods. The technical regulation TR EAEU 043/2017 (since 01.01.2020), reflecting the requirements for fire safety and fire extinguishing equipment, is put into effect at the same time. In 2019 with elaboration of draft of Concept for development of fire and rescue equipment until 2030 (2018), there is the beginning of new period that determined the most important directions for development of PA until 2030. The importance of cooperation between customers, manufacturers and scientific organizations in the field of creating effective fire equipment is noted.
Рассмотрены основные концептуальные направления создания пожарных автомобилей первой помощи (АПП). Проанализирован проведенный управленческий эксперимент с использованием АПП в рамках обсуждения в 2003 году на совещании-семинаре по теме «О результатах эксперимента по применению новых технологий пожаротушения с целью определения оптимальных решений по их применению». Сформулирован ряд замечаний по конструкции и функциональным возможностям эксплуатации этого типа ПА. Приведен рейтинг потребности АПП с учетом вместимости их цистерны для воды. Представлены данные из литературных источников, отражающие направления их создания и эксплуатации. The main conceptual directions in the creation of first aid fire trucks (APP) are considered. The standards for their creation and testing are presented. The importance of the presence of first aid in the fleet of fire trucks (PA), taking into account adaptation to operating conditions, is shown. The data on conducting a management experiment using the APP are presented as part of a discussion in 2003 at a meeting-seminar on the topic “On the results of an experiment on the use of new fire extinguishing technologies in order to determine optimal solutions for their application”. A number of remarks on the design and functionality of this type PA are made. The need rating in APP is given, taking into account the capacity of their water tank. Data from literature sources reflecting the directions of their creation and operation are presented.
Рассмотрены этапы создания основных моделей пожарных автомобилей порошкового тушения (АП) в СССР и современной России на шасси ЗИЛ-130, КамАЗ-53213, плавающего снегоболотохода ДТ-10П, КамАЗ-43101 и др. типов. Представлены области применения АП с учетом адаптивности к условиям эксплуатации. Приведены схемы аэрации порошка в сосудах для его хранения. Отражены основные группы порошковых установок в зависимости от способа подготовки порошка перед транспортированием. Проанализированы данные огневых испытаний АП отечественного и зарубежного производства, представленных на первых международных выставках пожарной техники в Москве в 1975 и 1979 годах. Приведены данные по огневым испытаниям АП-4(43105) мод.222. Представлен порядок расчета основных параметров порошковых установок АП, указаны основные задачи по дальнейшему совершенствованию конструкций АП. The stages of creation and manufacture of the main models of dry powder vehicles (DPV) in the USSR and modern Russia are presented. There are given names of well-known domestic and foreign specialists participated in the investigation of powder fire extinguishing. There are revealed the production volumes of DPV and fire tankers at the end of the 80s of the last century. There is shown the relevance of creating dry powder vehicle based on the chassis of all-terrain vehicle to ensure fire safety of main oil and gas pipelines. There are presented the results of fire tests of foreign and domestic DPV designs at international exhibitions of fire equipment in 1975 and 1979, as well as the most effective AP-4 model in the late 80s. The data on the coefficient of powder consumption according to DPV designs of foreign and domestic production are given. Calculation procedure of the main DPV parameters is demonstrated. The methods for improvement application efficiency and DPV design are given.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.