Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук, г. Томск, Россия 1 Россия, 634009, г. Томск, пер. Кооперативный, 5. E-mail: zhuikovalili@mail.ru 1 ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Томск, Россия 2 Россия, 634050, г. Томск, Московский тракт, 2 2 Аннотация Цель исследования -анализ заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями (ЗНО) населения, проживающего на 20 территориях Сибирского и Дальневосточного федеральных округов (СФО и ДФО). Материал и методы. Использованы данные канцер-регистров территорий в 2005-2018 гг. и Федеральной службы государственной статистики РФ о численности и поло-возрастном составе населения. Проведен анализ экстенсивных, стандартизованных показателей. Результаты. За период исследования на территориях округов диагностировано 1 336 260 новых случаев ЗНО, из них 77,2 % -в СФО. Наибольший темп роста числа больных в СФО отмечался в республиках Хакасия (84,8 %), Тыва (61,9 %), Бурятия (52,8 %), Красноярском крае (82,4 %), в ДФО -в Сахалинской области (43,6 %) и Камчатском крае (41,8 %). Средний возраст заболевших в 2018 г. составил 55,7 года, для мужчин -57,9, для женщин -53,7 года, что меньше, чем в 2005 г. (57,4, 59,1 и 55,9 года соответственно). В структуре онкозаболеваемости мужского населения округов преобладал рак легкого (19,5 %), у женщин -опухоли органов репродуктивной системы (38,4 %). Наибольший стандартизованный показатель заболеваемости в 2018 г. в СФО регистрировался в Иркутской области, Алтайском и Красноярском краях, в ДФО -в Сахалинской и Магаданской областях. Заключение. В регионе наблюдался рост числа заболевших ЗНО и стандартизованного показателя заболеваемости. Средний возраст заболевших мужчин и женщин в регионе уменьшился («омоложение» рака). Темп прироста стандартизованного показателя ЗНО выше в женской популяции. В регионе отмечался рост показателей заболеваемости теми видами рака, одним из факторов риска которых является «западный» образ жизни. Ключевые слова: злокачественные новообразования, заболеваемость, Сибирский федеральный округ, Дальневосточный федеральный округ.

Respiratory system cancer (cancer of the nasal cavity, middle ear, paranasal sinuses (C30-31), larynx (C32), trachea, bronchi and lung (C33-34) is one of the most common malignancies in the Tomsk region, comprising 12.9% of all cancer cases. The purpose of the study was to analyze the respiratory system cancer incidence among the population of the Tomsk region. Materials and methods. The study was based on cancer register data collected at the Cancer Research Institute and Tomsk Regional Cancer Center, and covered the period 2005-2016. Results. Respiratory system cancer is the most common cancer in men, comprising 21.7% and the 6-th most common cancer in women, comprising 5.1. The incidence of respiratory system cancer decreased in men and showed an increasing tendency in women. The age-standardized incidence rates in the Tomsk region were expected to be 58.3 per 100,000 males and 12.8 per 100,000 females by 2020. Conclusion. Early detection and prediction of respiratory system cancer should play a vital role in the diagnosis process and also increase the survival rate of patient.

Background: Incorporation of molecular analysis of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene into routine clinical practice has shown great promise to provide personalized therapy of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the developed world. However, the genetic testing of EGFR mutations has not yet become routine clinical practice in territories remote from the central regions of Russia. Therefore, we aimed to study the frequency of major types of activating mutations of the EGFR gene in NSCLC patients residing in West Siberia. Materials and Methods: We examined EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21 in 147 NSCLC patients (excluding squamous cell lung carcinomas) by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: EGFR mutations were detected in 28 of the 147 (19%) patients. There were 19 (13%) cases with mutations in exon 19 and 9 cases (6%) in exon 21. Mutations were more frequently observed in women (42%, p=0.000) than in men (1%). A significantly higher incidence of EGFR mutations was observed in bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (28%, p=0.019) and in adenocarcinomas (21%, p=0.024) than in large cell carcinomas, mixed adenocarcinomas, and NOS (4%). The EGFR mutation rate was much higher in never-smokers than in smokers: 38% vs. 3% (p=0.000). The frequency of EGFR mutations in the Kemerovo and Tomsk regions was 19%. Conclusions: The incorporation of molecular analysis of the EGFR gene into routine clinical practice will allow clinicians to provide personalised therapy, resulting in a significant increase in survival rates and improvement in life quality of advanced NSCLC patients.

Background. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is one of the well-known methods of comprehensive health assessment in the world. The method was developed by the World Bank and the World Health Organization. The DALY units and gross domestic product per capita are used for the assessment of the indirect economic damage from premature death of cancer. Aim. To estimate the number of years of life lost (DALY method) and economic losses due to death from cervical, uterine and ovarian cancers in the population of the Tomsk region. Materials and methods. The data of the Tomsk Region Federal State Statistics Service on the mortality of the population of the reporting form C51 Distribution of the dead by sex, age groups and causes of death, data on the sex and age distribution of the population, life expectancy, gross regional product per capita for 2018 of the Tomsk region were used. Results. In 2018, due to the death from gynecological cancer of the population of the Tomsk Region, 1616 DALY units were lost in absolute numbers. Of these, cervical cancer accounts for 44.3% (717 DALY units), uterine corpus cancer accounts for 24.8% (401 DALY units), ovarian cancer accounts for 30.8% (498 DALY units). At working age (1654 years), the absolute losses amounted to 694 DALYs. The economic damage to the Tomsk Region due to the mortality of the population from cancer of the cervix, uterine body and ovaries in 2018 amounted to 918.2 million rubles. Economic losses as a result of mortality from cancer of the cervix amounted to 407.4 million rubles, from cancer of the ovaries 283.0 million rubles, from cancer of the body of the uterus 227.8 million rubles. The economic damage from gynecological cancers in working age amounted to 394.3 million (42.9% of the total economic damage). Conclusion. Determining the socio-economic losses associated with mortality from malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs is necessary for the effective use of health care resources, which can be used to justify the need of the population for oncological care.

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