According to the Regulation (EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union No. 852/2004 and No. 853/2004 “Оn the hygiene of foodstuffs” dated April 29, 2004, Ukrainian producers of both pasteurized and raw cow's milk should be guided by regulatory acts, in particular, DSTU 2661:2010 “Drinkable cow’s milk. General technical conditions” and DSTU 3662:2015 “Cow’s milk-raw. Technical conditions”, which are harmonized to the requirements of the EU, and are regulating the safety and quality of milk for adhering to the proper sanitary and hygienic requirements of their primary production and industrial processing, and use modern, effective developed and tested rapid control methods of milk and dairy products for their falsification. Taking into account that today the falsification of milk as pasteurized and raw is not a rare occurrence, it is especially important to develop and introduce new express methods for the detection of various chemical reagents in dairy products that impair their quality and can affect their safety. We have developed simple, effective, reliable express methods: the determination of the number of somatic cells in milk by using Reagent N; detection of milk falsification by sodium bicarbonate using an alcoholic solution of bromocresol green with a mass concentration of 0.01%; as well as by alkaline detergents using an alcoholic solution of bromotymol blue with a mass concentration of 0.02%. Determination of the number of somatic cells in cow's milk by express method using Reagent N gave a 99.8% confidence in qualitative indices. The colour and consistency of milk varies, depending on the number of somatic cells – from liquid with bright orange to the formation of a jelly-like clay dark-raspberry colour which is easily removed from the hole of the dairy plate. An express method for detecting falsification of milk by sodium bicarbonate has the following advantages over existing commonly used methods: the results are specific, with a reliable qualitative index of 99.9%, consisting in changing the colour of the circular layer of milk, depending on the amount of baking soda added to it. In the absence of sodium hydro-carbonate, the colour of the circular layer of milk has a dark green colour, and if it is present, it acquires a dark blue-green colour of varying intensity. The express method of the milk falsification determining by alkaline detergents is easy to implement, and its results give specific qualitative indicators of 99.9%. Depending on the amount of alkaline detergents added to the container with milk (up to 1, 5, 10%), the milk acquires a blue colour varying intensity.

The article proposes modes of sterilization of meat pate from turkey meat, which was determined by the method in which the actual lethality Ff relative to the microflora should be equal to or exceed the required lethality of the sterilization process Fn (Ff ≥ Fn) canned turkey pate. The results of the study of the dependence of the kinetics of biochemical reactions on the thermal, chemical and mechanical sensitivity of the processed product, on pressure, temperature  and chemical potential are presented. One of the effective ways to intensify the heat transfer process is the contact heating of the product by means of steam supply, which has a technological effect on the processed products. When comparing the results of the simulated results with experimental data, it is established that the solution of the problem of calculating the temperature field of the product on a computer gives quite satisfactory results between the calculated and experimental data. It is established that as a modification for the processed products it is necessary to solve thermohydromechanical equations with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions in addition to the transfer equation for each scalar quantity.

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The aim of the research was to study the ornithine cycle as the process of fixing ammonia and the formation of urea in the body of highly productive animals. In our experiments, we used a protein-deficient diet and urea as a nitrogen substitute for nitrogen-containing materials in the diet to reveal the mechanism of action of urea on animals, in particular on the biochemical processes of the ornithine cycle. There are some differences between Bukovinian sheep of the Askanian meat-wool breed and outbreds in terms of the ability to build muscle tissue. Our study reveals that the slaughter yield and the average daily gain consumption of Bukovinian-type meat of the Askanian meat-wool breed were higher in summer and in autumn, compare with purebred sheep. Sheep of the Bukovynian type of Askanian meat-wool breed have the intensity of enzymatic formation of urea in liver homogenates that is much higher in all experiments than in outbred sheep. A sharp drop in the activity of all stages of urea formation and glutamic acid synthesis in liver homogenates and significantly weakened urea formation was found in all experiments of the fourth series in comparison with the experiments in the third series. Increased muscle growth, high nitrogen deposition, and a much lower percentage of urinary excretion of ammonia and urea nitrogen, as well as higher activity of enzymes of the ornithine cycle and glutamic acid synthesis in the Bukovinian sheep type of Askanian meat-wool breed compared to outbreeds allow concluding that ammonia and urea in highly productive animals act less as finishing products of nitrogen metabolism than in low-productive animals.

Анотація. Наведені результати наукових досліджень з вивчення впливу режимів стерилізації на деструктивні зміни ліпідної складової консервів. Встановлена динаміка фракційного складу жиру дослідних зразків консервів (ΣНЖК, ΣМНЖК та ΣПНЖК) у процесі зберігання. До кінця зберігання в консервах, виготовлених за жорсткими режимами стерилізації, найбільших змін зазнали поліненасичені жирні кислоти, зниження сум яких становило 28,7%. У консерви, виготовлені за щадними режимами, сума цих кислот знизився на 17,2%. Динаміка суми мононенасичених жирних кислот відрізняється на 0,2% у бік більшої руйнації в консервах, виготовлених за жорстким режимом. Нагромадження суми насичених жирних кислот у процесі зберігання на 2% вище в консервах, виготовлених за жорсткими режимами стерилізації. При жорсткому режимі стерилізації кількість лінолевої кислоти після стерилізації становила 40,65% кількості ідентифікованих і в процесі подальшого зберігання вона не була виявлена. При цьому кількість арахідонової кислоти до 6 місяців зберігання зросла на 269% стосовно даних після стерилізації, а до 10,5 місяця знизилася на 90,6% стосовно даних 6 місяців зберігання. Пальмітолеїнова кислота виявлена тільки до 6 і 10,5 зберігання консервів, виготовлених за щадящим режимом. У консервах, виготовлених за жорстким режимом, дана кислота виявлена на всіх стадіях досліджень. При цьому спостерігається однакова динаміка кількості пальмітинової кислоти – до 6 місяців йде накопичення цієї кислоти, а до 10,5 – зниження порівняно з даними після 6 місяців зберігання. У процесі зберігання було виявлено леткі речовини, які можуть впливати на аромат готової продукції. Під час зберігання було відзначено зростання величини кислотного числа жиру, що підтверджує динаміку деструктивних змін жиру у процесі зберігання консервів. В результаті проведених досліджень встановлено, що ведення процесу стерилізації за щадящими режимами стерилізації сприяє уповільненню процесів природного окислення жиру в продукті, накопиченню жирних кислот і летких речовин, що впливають на сенсорні характеристики готового продукту.