Modern principles of allergic rhinitis therapy in childrenAllergic diseases, the prevalence rate of which continues to grow, constitute a global issue for the world healthcare. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease widespread among the children and adolescents, causing extensive socio-economic load as well as negative influence on the quality of life of both the patients and the members of their families [1−5]. Moreover, according to the results of the epidemiological studies, 10-40% of AR patients also suffer from bronchial asthma (BA). At the same time, almost 100% of BA patients, at least among the children, complain of AR manifestations. Constant sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, cough and snoring, sleep disorders and fatigue negatively influence physical and psychological condition and social wellbeing, causing downslide in school performance [6]. Despite the presence of excruciating symptoms, the proven interconnection with and the influence on bronchial asthma, the issue of AR is often paid very little attention to, sometimes no more than a usual cold [5]. As a result, most of the pediatric patients either do not receive any adequate therapy they require, or are treated sporadically, taking palliative medications, falling out of modern treatment regimens. One of the reasons of this situation, which is not exclusively typical for our country, is the absence of guidelines on allergic rhinitis in children and its differences from the rhinitis in adults. The acute problem of choosing the correct treatment aiming at controlling the AR

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1 Научный центр здоровья детей РАМН, Москва, Российская Федерация 2 Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова, Российская Федерация 3 Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова, Москва, Российская Федерация Статья посвящена проблеме бронхиальной астмы у детей. Незрелость дыхательной и иммунной систем, особенности течения болезни, трудности при постановке диагноза и выборе средств доставки лекарственных средств, а также небольшое количество доказательных рекомендаций по лечению астмы у детей обусловливают тот факт, что немногие руководства касаются вопроса ведения детской астмы. Несмотря на то, что астма является наиболее распространенным хроническим заболеванием у детей, значительное количество пациентов не получают адекватного лечения, в связи с чем по-прежнему не могут контролировать свою болезнь. Авторами статьи в целях увеличения доступности, распространения и внедрения стандартной терапии детской астмы были проанализированы наиболее современные документы (ICON, GINA, PRACTALL, NAEPP, SIGN), касающиеся данного вопроса, и кратко изложены основные ключевые принципы достижения контроля над астмой. Ключевые слова: бронхиальная астма, классификация, патогенез, клиническое течение, лечение, контроль болезни, дети. (Педиатрическая фармакология. 2013; 10 (4): [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] The article is dedicated to the issue of bronchial asthma in children. Immaturity of respiratory and immune systems, peculiarities of the disease course, difficulty in establishing diagnosis and selecting delivery agents for drugs and a limited amount of evidence-based recommendations determine the current situation: only few guides touch upon the subject of child asthma management. Although asthma is the most widespread chronic disease in children, a significant number of patients do not receive adequate treatment, which is why they cannot control asthma. The authors of this article analyzed the most up-to-date documents (ICON, GINA, PRACTALL, NAEPP, SIGN) that touch upon this subject and briefly stated the key principles of attaining control over this nosology in order to increase availability, spread and introduction of standard therapy of infant asthma.

The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation jointly with professional association and experts in the field of pediatrics, infectious diseases and resuscitation has revised guidelines “Clinical Features and Management of the Disease Caused by New Coronaviral Infection (COVID-19) in Children” in order to provide the child population with effective medical care during the pandemic of the new coronaviral infection. The practical experience of specialists from various countries was considered during the development of this document. Special attention should be given to the evidence base of the presented data, as well as to the efficiency and safety issues of medications used in treatment of coronaviral infection and its complications. The authors highlight the problems of prevention, diagnostics and management of pathological conditions caused by COVID-19 in the article according to the presented guidelines. Patient’s management is presented depending on the age and severity of the disease itself. The therapy is considered with regard to etiological, pathogenetic and symptom focus.