One of the ways to improve public health with food is the industrial production of foods, the so-called “health” group, which currently includes functional and specialized products. Modern trend of the flour products market development is the expansion of gluten-free products segment. It should be noted that along with the target audience (people suffering from various forms of gluten intolerance), consumers of these products are adherents of "fashion trends". The chemical composition of this group of foods is characterized by the predominance of easily digestible carbohydrates and fats with a lack of proteins, vitamins and minerals, as well as fiber. Therefore, during a prolonged use of such foods the risk of deficiency states for individual macro- or micronutrients increases. Improving of the composition of gluten-free products can be achieved by introducing of non-traditional plant sources, such as amaranth grain, chufa tubers, fine vegetable powders, into the formulation. A special category of flour foods are products for herodietetic nutrition. One of the ways to increase the digestibility of mineral substances of bread, and calcium in particular, is the use of pre-germinated wheat as a prescription component.
The studies of the effect of barley flour on the processes occurring during the production of acidophilic sourdough have been carried out. It was found that the introduction of barley flour in the preparation of saccharified brew for the breeding cycle of the starter leads to an improvement in its lifting force and acceleration of acid accumulation. The best result was observed when barley flour was introduced in an amount of 5% - 10% of the flour mass in the dough. Improvement of the biotechnological parameters of the starter culture with the introduction of 5% - 10% of barley flour is accompanied by a reduction in the period of its ripening by 60-120 minutes. A new technology for the preparation of acidophilic starter culture using barley flour has been developed, which enriches the amino acid and vitamin composition of the nutrient substrate and intensifies the process of preparing the starter culture, improving its biotechnological properties.
Разработана технология производства безглютеновой закваски самопроизвольного брожения на основе гречневой муки с качественными характеристиками: влажность 76,5, кислотность16 град., подъемная сила 35 мин. Контролем служил хлеб пшеничноржаной простой формовой на жидкой закваске без заварки. Пористость пшеничноржаного хлеба на гречневой закваске увеличилась на 3,7, удельный объем хлеба на 2,9 по сравнению с контролем. Для снижения доли глютена в хлебе изменяли соотношение пшеничной и ржаной муки в сторону увеличения ржаной муки. С увеличением количества ржаной муки в смеси с пшеничной с 70 до 90 число падения и водопоглотительная способность смесей снизились на 8,6 и 3,2 соответственно. Установлена целесообразность применения гречневой муки в составе закваски при производстве хлеба с пониженным содержанием глютена из смеси ржаной и пшеничной муки в соотношениях 30 : 70 и 80 : 20 соответственно. Рекомендована оптимальная дозировка гречневой муки в составе закваски 25 взамен части смеси ржаной и пшеничной муки. A technology has been developed for the production of glutenfree starter culture of spontaneous fermentation based on buckwheat flour with qualitative characteristics: humidity 76,5, acidity 16 degrees, lifting force 35 min. Control was bread wheatrye simple form on liquid sourdough without brewing. Porosity of wheatrye bread on buckwheat ferment increased by 3,7, the specific volume of bread by 2,9 compared to the control. To reduce the proportion of gluten in bread, the ratio of wheat and rye flour was changed in the direction of increasing rye flour. With an increase in the amount of rye flour in a mixture with wheat from 70 to 90, the falling number and the water absorption capacity of the mixtures decreased by 8,6 and 3,2, respectively. The expediency of using buckwheat flour in the yeast in the production of bread with a low content of gluten from a mixture of rye and wheat flour in the ratios of 30 : 70 and 80 : 20, respectively, is established. The optimal dosage of buckwheat flour as a part of sourdough is recommended 25 instead of part of a mixture of rye and wheat flour.
Исследована возможность использования полуобезжиренной льняной муки (ПЛМ) для улучшения качества и повышения пищевой ценности безглютеновых хлебобулочных изделий. В процессе исследования выпекали хлеб из рисовой муки с добавлением 4, 6, 9 и 11% ПЛМ. Контролем служил хлеб без добавления льняной муки. После выпечки определяли физико-химические показатели качества образцов рисового хлеба с ПЛМ. Установлено, что с увеличением содержания ПЛМ влажность в образцах хлеба снизилась на 0,4–5,7%; кислотность мякиша увеличилась на 57–185,7%. Удельный объем и пористость опытных образцов хлеба с добавлением ПЛМ в количествах 4 и 6% увеличились по сравнению с контролем на 9,1–13,6% и 3,21–8,1% соответственно, однако при увеличении дозировки льняной муки свыше 6% эти показатели снизились на 4,5–14,1% и 1,6–6,5% соответственно. Количество клетчатки при добавлении 6% ПЛМ увеличилось до 1,8%; белка – до 2,9%. Энергетическая ценность хлеба из смеси рисовой муки и ПЛМ осталась на уровне энергетической ценности хлеба из рисовой муки. Рекомендовано применение ПЛМ при производстве безглютенового хлеба из рисовой муки. Определена дозировка ПЛМ – 6% в смеси с рисовой мукой. The possibility of using semi-fat-free linen flour (SFF LF) to improve the quality and nutritional value of gluten-free bakery products has been studied. During the study, bread was baked from rice flour with the addition of 4, 6, 9 and 11% SFF LF. The control served the bread without adding linen flour. After baking, the physicochemical parameters of the quality of rice bread samples with SFF LF were determined. It is established that with increase in the content of SFF LF moisture content in samples of bread was down 0,4 to 5,7%; the acidity of the crumb increased by 57–185,7%. The specific volume and porosity of bread samples with the addition of SFF LF in quantities of 4 and 6% increased compared to the control by 9,1–13,6% and 3,21–8,1%, respectively, but with an increase in the dosage of linen flour over 6%, these indicators decreased by 4,5–14,1% and 1,6–6,5%, respectively. The amount of fibre with the addition of 6% of SFF LF increased to 1,8%; protein – to 2,9%. The energy value of bread from a mixture of rice flour and SFF LF remained at the level of energy value of bread from rice flour. The use of SFF LF in the production of gluten-free bread from rice flour is recommended. The dosage of SFF LF – 6% in a mixture with rice flour was determined.
Дана сравнительная оценка функционально-технологических характеристик текстурированных зернопродуктов (ТЗ). В качестве объектов исследований взяты текстураты, полученные из экструдированного зерна (ЭЗ) пшеницы, ячменя и овса различного фракционного состава. Определены функционально-технологические характеристики ТЗ: влагосвязывающая способность (ВСС), влагоудерживающая способность (ВУС), жироудерживающая способность (ЖУС). Установлено, что ВСС ТЗ увеличивается по сравнению с контрольными образцами, г/г: пшеничного текстурата на 2,2; ячменного на 2,45; овсяного на 2,58. Установлено, что наибольшей ВСС обладают фракции текстуратов с наименьшей крупностью частиц (менее 450 мкм). Установлено увеличение ВУС ТЗ, г/г: пшеничного текстурата на 1,9; ячменного на 1,6; овсяного на 2,4. При уменьшении размера частиц наблюдается увеличение ВУС. Все виды ТЗ обладают ВСС от 4,5 до 5,8 г/г и более высокой ЖУС по сравнению с контролем. Установлено максимальное значение ЖУС текстуратов ЭЗ пшеницы мелкого помола – 1,4 г/г; контроль 0,7–0,8 г/г. ТЗ из ЭЗ пшеницы, ячменя и овса с высокими ВСС, ВУС, ЖУС могут быть использованы при производстве хлебобулочных, мучных кондитерских изделий, а также мучных многокомпонентных смесей для корректировки технологических свойств пшеничной муки. A comparative assessment of the functional and technological characteristics of textured grain products is given. The research objects are textures obtained from extruded wheat, barley and oats of various fractional composition. The functional and technological characteristics of textured grain products are determined: moisture binding capacity (MBC), moisture holding capacity (MHC), fat holding capacity (FHC). It was found that the MBC of textured grain products increases in comparison with control samples, g/g: wheat texturate by 2,2; of barley – 2,45; of oat – 2,58. It was found that the highest MBC is found in the fractions of texturates with the smallest particle size, less than 450 µm. There was an increase in the MHC of textured grain products, g/g: wheat texturate by 1,9; barley by 1,6; oatmeal by 2,4. When the particle size decreases, there is an increase in the MHC. All types of textured grain products have MBC from 4,5 to 5,8 g/g and higher FHC compared to control. The maximum value of FHC textures of fine-milled extruded wheat grain is 1,4 g/g; control is 0,7–0,8 g/g. Textured grain products from extruded wheat, barley and oats with high MBC, MHC and FHC can be used in the production of bakery, flour confectionery products, as well as flour multicomponent mixtures to adjust the technological properties of wheat flour.
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