A Climatology of Derecho-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systemsin the Central and Eastern United States, 1986–95. Part I: Temporal and Spatial Distribution

Bentley, Mark; Mote, Thomas L.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<2527:acodpm>2.0.co;2

Cited by 82 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As such, those that formed most commonly entered the northern part of the state and progressed towards the southeast through central and eastern Oklahoma. Further, these storm occurrences are consistent with 'southward-burst derecho-producing mesoscale convective systems' identified by Bentley and Mote (1998) as well as the secondary high frequency axis of northwesterly flow severe weather events identified by Johns (1982). Finally, throughout the final 3 months of the year, squall lines decreased in number and were confined mainly to central and eastern…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Subsequent definitions of other linear convective storms have been applied to more extreme events such as derechos (Johns and Hirt, 1987) and bow echoes (Fujita, 1978). Using set derecho definitions, studies such as Bentley and Mote (1998), Bentley and Sparks (2003), and Coniglio and Stensrud (2004) have quantified the frequencies of such storms across the United States and identified noticeable shifts in high-frequency regions stretching from the Great Lakes region through the Southern Plains during the warm season (May to August) to the lower Mississippi Valley during the cool season (September to April). Burke and Schultz (2004) focussed on the climatologies of bow echoes during the typically lower-frequency cool season and found similar spatial patterns as revealed in several derecho studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 10‐year spatial climatology of squall line storms across Oklahoma

Hocker

Basara

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

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ABSTRACT:Severe thunderstorms are an important and relatively common component of the annual weather across the State of Oklahoma. Such weather brings hazardous features such as, large hail, damaging winds, and tornadoes, while also providing beneficial precipitation vital to the state's agricultural and hydrological needs. In any given year, severe weather activity is dictated by seasonal and monthly changes in atmospheric conditions, which frequently determine the type and severity of subsequent storms.This study focuses on a 10-year period between 1994 and 2003 to quantify the spatial and temporal characteristics of severe squall line storms across Oklahoma. A squall line is a linearly organized set of storms that has a sharp radar reflectivity gradient at its leading edge typically followed by a less intense stratiform region. Squall line storms are one of the most significant storm modes observed in Oklahoma due to their large aerial extent, long durations, high winds, heavy rains, and hail. For this study, geographic information systems (GIS) were used to store geo-referenced storm data and spatially analyse storm events across varying timescales. The analysis revealed that squall lines were most predominant across eastern Oklahoma with a decreasing westward gradient. The annual averaged storm track was from the west to east, while the monthly mean squall line tracks were oriented from southwest to northeast from January through April, from west to east during May, from northwest to southeast from June through September, and from southwest to northeast through the end of the year. In addition, high-resolution analyses of squall line initiation and termination locations revealed important geographical variability in typical storm lifecycle.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 10‐year spatial climatology of squall line storms across Oklahoma

Hocker

Basara

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…their section 2). Later studies by Bentley and Mote (1998), Evans and Doswell (2001), Bentley and Sparks (2003), and Coniglio and Stensrud (2004) have utilized differing criteria to define derechos. United States derechos have been documented in the literature since the early 1980s (e.g., Johns and Hirt 1983); only recently have enough events been documented over a sufficient period to begin to analyze the climatology of these windstorms.…”

Section: Doi: 101175/bams-86-11-1577mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Johns and Hirt (1987) were the first to present a climatology of these events for the warm seasons from 1980 to 1983. Bentley and Mote (1998) and Bentley and Sparks (2003) recently analyzed the years 1986-2000, providing the basis for a 15-yr derecho climatology, including both cool-and warm-season events. These studies identified the tendency for derechos to occur in specific seasonal corridors in the eastern two-thirds of the United States.…”

Section: Doi: 101175/bams-86-11-1577mentioning

confidence: 99%

Derecho Hazards in the United States

Ashley¹,

Mote²

2005

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

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“…These rains were believed to have increased evapotranspiration rates from actively growing Midwestern corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) crops. Studies that examined conditions prior to the development of Midwest mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) postulated that the primary source for low-level moisture during weak-flow (anticyclonic) situations was evapotranspiration from crops, not moisture advection from the Gulf of Mexico (Chang & Wetzel 1991, Bentley & Mote 1998, Changnon & Kunkel 1999. The possibility exists that changes in agricultural practices relating to corn and soybean production have also had an influence on the amount of evapotranspiration from an acre of Midwestern farm land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating changes in agricultural practices to increasing dew points in extreme Chicago heat waves

Changnon¹,

Sandstrom²,

Schaffer³

2003

Clim. Res.

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The temporal distribution of surface atmospheric water vapor levels during shortduration extreme heat events at Chicago was assessed. Heat events were characterized by at least 3 consecutive days with a minimum temperature greater than 24°C (75°F) and a maximum temperature greater than 35°C (95°F). Thirteen such heat events were identified during the 75 yr record at Chicago Midway Airport located inside the city. Average dew points in events fluctuated considerably over time, but generally increased. Event average hourly dew-point values before the mid 1980s were generally below 21°C, rising to an average of 24°C during the mid 1990s. The temporal changes in dew-point values were related to 2 factors: (1) the existence of average to aboveaverage regional precipitation anomalies occurring in May and during the 20 d period prior to the heat event, and (2) changes in agricultural practices that have led to enhanced evapotranspiration rates in the Midwest.KEY WORDS: Short-duration heat waves · Surface dew-point temperature · Chicago · Climate variability · Evapotranspiration Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherClim Res 24: [243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254] 2003 western heat-related fatalities were nearly one-fourth of those in 1995, a reduction partially due to improved municipal response efforts for heat waves.Record high dew points experienced during these 2 events of the 1990s raised questions about dew point levels experienced during earlier Chicago heat waves. A recent study (Sparks et al. 2002) identified that the frequency of hours with extreme dew points (> 24°C) at 2 northeastern Illinois first-order NWS stations, Rockford and Chicago O'Hare, had increased significantly during a 42 yr period .The primary goal of this study was to determine whether and why dew point levels had changed over time during short-duration Chicago heat waves. The Chicago Midway Airport weather records were examined for a 75 yr period . Any changes would have a significant impact on human health, the design and operation of air conditioning systems, as well as electrical demand in the Midwest (Cohen & Kosar 2000, Changnon 2002, Sparks et al. 2002.Both Kunkel et al. (1996) and Palecki et al. (2001) concluded that the extreme high dew points experienced during the 1995 and 1999 heat events occurred as a result of widespread regional rainfalls that preceded the heat waves. These rains were believed to have increased evapotranspiration rates from actively growing Midwestern corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) crops. Studies that examined conditions prior to the development of Midwest mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) postulated that the primary source for low-level moisture during weak-flow (anticyclonic) situations was evapotranspiration from crops, not moisture advection from the Gulf of Mexico (Chang & Wetzel 1991, Bentley & Mote 1998, Changnon & Kunkel 1999. The possibility exists that changes in agricultural practices relating to corn a...

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A Climatology of Derecho-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systemsin the Central and Eastern United States, 1986–95. Part I: Temporal and Spatial Distribution

Cited by 82 publications

References 14 publications

A 10‐year spatial climatology of squall line storms across Oklahoma

A 10‐year spatial climatology of squall line storms across Oklahoma

Derecho Hazards in the United States

Relating changes in agricultural practices to increasing dew points in extreme Chicago heat waves

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