A new Vitreoscilla filiformis extract grown on spa water-enriched medium activates endogenous cutaneous antioxidant and antimicrobial defenses through a potential Toll-like receptor 2/protein kinase C, zeta transduction pathway

Abstract

Vitreoscilla filiformis (VF) biomass (VFB) has been widely used in cosmetic preparations and shown to modulate the major inducible free-radical scavenger mitochondrial superoxide dismutase in skin cells. By adding La Roche-Posay (LRP) thermal spring water to the VF culture medium, we obtained a biomass (LRP-VFB) with a similar mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activation capacity to VF. Also, the new biomass more powerfully stimulated mRNA expression and antimicrobial peptides in reconstructed epidermis. Interestingly, a predictive computer model that analyzed transducing events within skin epidermal cells suggested that this protective activity may involve the Toll-like receptor 2/protein kinase C, zeta transduction pathway. Protein kinase C, zeta inhibition was effectively shown to abolish VFB-induced gene stimulation and confirmed this hypothesis. This thus opens new avenues for investigation into the improvement of skin homeostatic defense in relation to the control of its physiological microbiota and innate immunity.

The Association of the Skin Microbiota With Health, Immunity, and Disease

“…Biomass of the same organism lead to a stimulation of mRNA expression coding for antimicrobial peptides hBD2 and S100A7 in a reconstructed epidermis model. Furthermore, involvement of the TLR2/protein kinase C zeta‐transduction pathway was supposed . Finally, the effects of orally ingested probiotics on the skin were described: In a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial, ingestion of Lactococcus lactis strains improved selected skin and body properties in women, such skin elasticity …”

“…Furthermore, involvement of the TLR2/protein kinase C zeta-transduction pathway was supposed. 77 Finally, the effects of orally ingested probiotics on the skin were described: In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, ingestion of Lactococcus lactis strains improved selected skin and body properties in women, such skin elasticity. 78 In contrast to the intestinal tract, where fecal transplantation has become an increasingly accepted therapeutic option, the transplantation of (selected members of) a healthy skin microbiota to diseased skin tissue with an unbalanced microbiota is still at a very experimental stage.…”

Neutralization of Mitochondrial Superoxide by Superoxide Dismutase 2 Promotes Bacterial Clearance and Regulates Phagocyte Numbers in Zebrafish

“…Numerous studies have implicated SOD2 in the immune response, but few have defined functional roles for SOD2 in immunity. SOD2 is upregulated in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), poly(I·C), beta-glucan, and numerous pathogens in multiple cell types and organisms (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Functionally, SOD2 was found to be necessary for the phorbol myristate acetate-induced respiratory burst response and cell survival upon poly(I·C) exposure in vitro (16,17).…”

Skin microbiome: What is known today?

“…В 1951 г. Эрнст Прингсхайм опубликовал статью, где подробно описал свойства семейства бактерий Vitreoscillaceae, которые встречаются в термальных источниках [59]. В экспериментальных исследованиях было показано, что компоненты биомассы непатогенных бактерий Vitreoscilla filiformis (VF), встречающихся в таких источниках, стимулируют механизмы противомикробной защиты посредством увеличения экспрессии генов, кодирующих биомаркеры врожденной защитной функции кожи: супероксиддисмутазы-2, противомикробных пептидов, бетадефензина-2 и белка S100A7 [60], используются в лечении таких хронических дерматологических заболеваний, как атопический дерматит. В ходе двойного слепого плацебо-контролируемого рандомизированного перспективного клинического исследования с участием 75 добровольцев (56 женщин, 19 мужчин) с атопическим дерматитом средней степени тяжести группа исследователей из Тюбингенского университета (Германия) изучила эффект нанесения крема в сочетании с 5-процентным лизатом бактерии VF 2 р/сут.…”