A Rhodamine-Based Dual Chemosensor for Cu(II) and Fe(III)

Abstract

An "off-on" rhodamine-based fluorescence probe for the selective signaling of Cu(II) and Fe(III) has been designed and synthesized. The optical properties of this compound have been investigated in acetonitrile-water (1:1) binary solution. Very interestingly, this compound showed sensitivity and selectivity towards Cu(II) during absorption process and towards Fe(III) during emission process. So this is a nice example of an excellent dual chemosensor for two biologically/physiologically very important transition metal ions using only the two very different techniques (absorption and emission); both cases displayed only intensity enhancement.

A new rhodamine B based fluorometric chemodosimeter for Cu2+ ion in aqueous and cellular media

“…Due to the presence of reactive phenyl hydrazide group the probe exhibits above said silent features like specific irreversible "turn-on" absorbance/fluorescence changes with Cu 2 þ ions in the pH range 1-6 and the absorbance/emission wave lengths (550/580 nm) are longer compared to some of the reported probes [34][35][36]. The probe also has higher quantum yields compare to the reported rhodamine probes [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Due to its less cell toxicity, water solubility and cell permeability it has been utilized for the fluorescence imaging of Cu 2 þ ions in cellular media and for determination of copper in biological various biological fluids.…”

“…Recently two fluorescent rhodamine derivatives were reported for Cu 2 þ ions but they posse's comparatively short emission wavelengths [34][35][36]. The short emission wavelength probes are disadvantageous for cell imaging because the cells have to irradiate with high energy radiations which lead to the cell toxicity [37,38]. In order to overcome above said properties there is need to derivatise the rhodamine framework with suitable moiety which can distinctly recognize Cu 2 þ from Hg 2 þ and posses long absorption and emission wave lengths results in lees cell toxicity the necessary condition in cell labeling studies.…”

A Rhodamine-based Dual Chemosensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+

“…14,22,23 Compared with traditional one-to-one normal sensors and their corresponding analytical methods, a dual sensor can recognize multiple targets metal ions simultaneously by a chemosensor using a single detection methods, or an array of detection methods, which makes it more efficient, more versatile, less expensive, and widens its range of applicability with operational simplicity. 1,14,[23][24][25] The Rhodamine-based sensors for detecting metal ions were collected, and are listed in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the Rhodamine-based dual sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity toward Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ simultaneously has not yet been studied in-depth.…”

“…However, it is an environmental pollutant at high concentration, 1,2 and an excess concentration of Cu 2+ in the human body can cause many serious diseases, such as Alzheimer's, 3 Parkinson's 4 and Menke's disease. 5 Similarly, Fe 3+ is of great importance in many fundamental physiological processes, which plays an indispensable role in the growth and development of living systems.…”

“…5 Similarly, Fe 3+ is of great importance in many fundamental physiological processes, which plays an indispensable role in the growth and development of living systems. 1 Especially, Fe 3+ is widely retained in many proteins and enzymes either for structural purposes or as part of a catalytic site. 6 Therefore, it is crucial to detect Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ not only in our body, but also in the environment.…”