“…Negative emotions may further exacerbate health risks and induce chronic illness (Choi, Rush, & Henry, 2013 ; Franks et al, 2012 ; Kiecolt-Glaser, McGuire, Robles, & Glaser, 2002 ). Qualitative studies using the method of drawing and interviews shows that residents living in EJ communities are acutely aware of the waste facilities in their neighborhood and that they perceive waste facilities as a bad presence in their lives, which evokes negative emotions of fear, stress, and feelings of injustice (Lejano & Stokols, 2010 ; Pluhar, Piko, Kovacs, & Uzzoli, 2009 ). In such studies, the concepts of anxiety, fear, and stress were pre-assumed to assess psychological effects of pollution (Bullinger, 1989 ; Marques & Lima, 2011 ).…”