All-Nonvacuum-Processed CIGS Solar Cells Using Scalable Ag NWs/AZO-Based Transparent Electrodes

Wang, Mingqing; Choy, Kwang‐Leong

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b02137

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The AgNWs-only film had floating values on for Rs from 12.7 to 18.0 Ω/sq because the rough surface of the electrode produces random connection with the four-point probe. The sample with 3, 6, and 9 nm AZO had 12.0 ± 1.5, 8.66 ± 0.4, and 9.1 ± 1.4 Ω/sq, respectively [ 24 ]. For organic device electrodes, the optical transmittance is an important parameter, because it directly affects the light output coupling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smooth ZnO:Al-AgNWs Composite Electrode for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Device

Wang

Tao

et al. 2017

Nanoscale Res Lett

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The high interest in organic light-emitting device (OLED) technology is largely due to their flexibility. Up to now, indium tin oxide (ITO) films have been widely used as transparent conductive electrodes (TCE) in organic opto-electronic devices. However, ITO films, typically deposited on glass are brittle and they make it difficult to produce flexible devices, restricting their use for flexible devices. In this study, we report on a nano-composite TCE, which is made of a silver nanowire (AgNW) network, combined with aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al, AZO) by atomic layer deposition. The AgNWs/AZO composite electrode on photopolymer substrate shows a low sheet resistance of only 8.6 Ω/sq and a high optical transmittance of about 83% at 550 nm. These values are even comparable to conventional ITO on glass. In addition, the electrodes also have a very smooth surface (0.31 nm root-mean-square roughness), which is flat enough to contact the OLED stack. Flexible OLED were built with AgNWs/AZO electrodes, which suggests that this approach can replace conventional ITO TCEs in organic electronic devices in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smooth ZnO:Al-AgNWs Composite Electrode for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Device

Wang

Tao

et al. 2017

Nanoscale Res Lett

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“…For instance, metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized by sol‐gel methods have been used in conjunction with MNWs, mostly for enhanced current collection efficiency when integrated into solar cells. [ 138 ] However, the effect of nanoparticle coatings on improving the chemical and thermal resilience of MNWs have not been investigated thoroughly in many studies. In a work by Zhu et al., [ 139 ] where CuNWs were covered sequentially by ZnO nanoparticles and rGO, it is shown that ZnO nanoparticles alone are not sufficient in preventing the long‐term degradation of CuNWs.…”

Section: Nanowire Coatings To Delay Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

et al. 2020

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Metal nanowire (MNW)‐based transparent electrode technologies have significantly matured over the last decade to become a prominent low‐cost alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). Beyond reaching the same level of performance as ITO, MNW networks offer additional advantages including flexibility and low materials cost. To facilitate adoption of MNW networks as a replacement to ITO, they must overcome their inherent stability issues while maintaining their properties and cost‐effectiveness. Herein, the fundamental failure mechanisms of MNW networks are discussed in detail. Recent strategies to computationally model MNWs from the nano‐ to macroscale and suggest future work to capture dynamic failure to unravel mechanisms that account for convolution of the failure modes are highlighted. Strategies to characterize MNW network failure in situ and postmortem are also discussed. In addition, recent work about improving the stability of MNW networks via encapsulation is discussed. Lastly, a perspective is given on how to frame the requirements of MNW‐encapsulant hybrids with reference to their target applications, namely: solar cells, transparent film heaters, sensors, and displays. A cost analysis to comment on the feasibility of implementing MNW hybrids is provided, and critical areas to focus on for future work on MNW networks are suggested.

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“…The conductivity requirement for the TCO component is in this combination far less stringent than for a stand‐alone TCO. This opens the possibility to build completely functional transparent electrodes with thin TCO layers, which can be rapidly deposited by nonvacuum techniques, such as aerosol‐assisted chemical deposition of a zinc acetate solution or spin‐coating indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticle (NP) . Furthermore, this combination benefits from the improved mechanical stability of Ag‐NWs compared with brittle TCOs, which is an important aspect for flexible PVs …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐solution‐processed transparent front contact for monograin layer kesterite solar cells

Edinger

Bansal

Wibowo

et al. 2019

Progress in Photovoltaics

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The paper presents a fully solution-processed transparent front contact for kesterite monograin layer solar cells, which is composed of a silver nanowire network above a ZnO-based window bilayer. This window bilayer comprises a layer of ZnO nanoparticles and a second layer of chemical-bath-deposited doped ZnO. The optimized front contact can be processed within minutes and performs equally to a reference front contact with a sputtered i ZnO/ZnO:Al window bilayer, both on solar cell and module level with sizes up to 20 × 20 cm 2 . To achieve this, it was necessary to obtain a compact morphology of the chemical-bath-deposited, doped ZnO film even for very short deposition times. It is found that, firstly, this depends on the homogeneity of the seed layer, which is the prerequisite for thin film growth by chemical bath deposition (CBD) on the substrate. It is shown that the ZnO nanoparticle layer covers the rough monograin substrate in a continuous and unperturbed manner. The second aspect of importance was the dopant type used in the CBD process (Al, Ga, or In). Optimal combination of photovoltaic performance and process speed was obtained for Ga-doped ZnO, yielding compact films for deposition times as low as 1 minute. The solution-processed window layers are susceptible to a light-soaking effect, which impairs the cell performance upon storage in dark conditions. While this effect can be easily overcome in the laboratory, the effect in a real application scenario was investigated under outdoor conditions for a period of 4 weeks.

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All-Nonvacuum-Processed CIGS Solar Cells Using Scalable Ag NWs/AZO-Based Transparent Electrodes

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Smooth ZnO:Al-AgNWs Composite Electrode for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Device

Smooth ZnO:Al-AgNWs Composite Electrode for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Device

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

All‐solution‐processed transparent front contact for monograin layer kesterite solar cells

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