Antibacterial Effect of Juglans Regia Bark against Oral Pathologic Bacteria

Abstract

Background. In this study antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Juglans regia bark in Iran was evaluated on four different oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Juglans regia bark were prepared by using disk diffusion technique and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods. Tetracycline 30 μg and Erythromycin 15 μg were used as positive control and water as negative control in disk diffusion and MIC methods. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test. Results. The results showed that S. sanguis and S. mutans were the most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria against ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Ethanolic extract had significant antibacterial effect against all tested bacteria. Aqueous extract did not show antibacterial effect on S. mutans, in contrast to ethanolic extract. Aqueous extract had significantly antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, S. salivarius, and S. sanguis compared to control (P < 0.0001), but it did not show effect on S. mutans when compared with Erythromycin. According to the obtained MIC values, ethanol extract of Juglans regia bark had the lowest rate. Conclusion. The results may provide the basis for using natural antimicrobial substance for oral hygiene prophylaxis purposes.

Ethnobotanical Documentation of Traditional Knowledge about Medicinal Plants used by Indigenous People in Talash Valley of Dir Lower, Northern Pakistan

“…In Bangladesh, whole plant of Cynodon dactylon is used for the treatment of tuberculosis and diabetes [59]. Zakavi et al [60] reported that bark and leaves of J. regia have anti-microbial potential. In Turkey, it was reported by Gürdal and Kültür [57] that the leaves of M. nigra are used for kidney disease.…”

Istraživanje Uticaja Sirovinskog Sastava I Načina Obrade Tkanina Na Njihova Antibakterijska Svojstva

“…Tako su različiti ekstrakti kore oraha testirani disk-difuzionom tehnikom, imali značajan antimikrobni i citostatski efekat (18,19). Alkoholni ekstrakt listova oraha je, takođe, imao značajno antimikrobno dejstvo (20), ali vunena tkanina obojena vodenim ekstraktom praha lista oraha nije pokazala antimikrobni efekat na 8 sojeva različitih bakterija (17).…”

Effect of Juglans regia Li. Stem Bark Hydroalcoholic Extract on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

“…The incidence of MRSA varies geographically; for example in Europe, a considerable variation exists, with only 0.5% in Iceland but 44% in Greece from 1999 to 2002 (8). There is a constant need for novel antimicrobial substances due to rapid appearance of multiple drug-resistance bacteria (9). Herbal medicines are recognized as a protection system against pathogenic bacteria (10).…”

“…It contains several therapeutically active constituents, particularly polyphenols (14). Juglans regia stem bark contains chemical constituents, namely β-sitosterol, ascorbic acid5, juglone, folic acid, gallic acid, regiolone and quercetin-3-α-L-arabinoside (9). Antifungal, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of this plant have been studied by several researchers (15,16).…”

“…The acetone extract is the most effective preparation when used as an antimicrobial agent against oral microflora (9). This extract has either synergistic or additive effect when tested with a broad spectrum of antibacterial drugs (13).…”