Antitumor, Antioxidant, and Nitrite Scavenging Effects of Chinese Water Chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) Peel Flavonoids

Abstract

The preparation, quantification, and characterization of flavonoid compounds from Chinese water chestnut peel (CWCP) flavonoid extract and ethyl acetate fraction (EF), n-butanol fraction, and water fraction were studied. Among these, EF showed the maximum free radical levels (IC values of 0.36, 0.40, and 0.37 mg/mL for DPPH•, ABTS• , and •OH, respectively), nitrite scavenging effects (IC = 1.89 mg/mL), and A549 cell inhibitory activities (IC = 776.12 μg/mL) with the highest value of total flavonoid content (TFC, 421.32 mg/g). Moreover, the contents of 8 flavonoids in this fraction were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and fisetin, diosmetin, luteolin, and tectorigenin were the 4 major flavonoids with levels of 31.66, 29.91, 13.69, and 12.41 mg/g, respectively. Luteolin produced a greater inhibition of human lung cancer A549 cells (IC = 59.60 μg/mL) than did fisetin, diosmetin, and tectorigenin. Flow cytometry revealed that the cellular mechanisms of luteolin inhibition of A549 cells were achieved via the induction of cell proliferation arrest at G phase and apoptosis/necrosis. Our findings suggest that flavonoids are closely associated with antitumor, antioxidant, and nitrite scavenging effects of CWCP.

Radiosensitizing effect of diosmetin on radioresistant lung cancer cells via Akt signaling pathway

“…The result from Androutsopoulos et al suggested that DIO induces anticancer activity in MCF7 breast cancer cells by causing cytochrome P450 bioactivation [13]. Meanwhile, Zhan et al found that DIO could induce G1/S arrest and cell apoptosis in human lung cancer A549 cells [14]. However, no reports have been published to test agent DIO as a radiosensitizer to improve radiosensitivity so far.…”

Preventive Effects of Three Polysaccharides on the Oxidative Stress Induced by Acrylamide in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model

“…Meanwhile, FL also restored activities of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver to normal status, which allopurinol failed to [ 16 ]. Chinese water chestnut ( Eleocharis dulcis ), one of the favorite foods in Asia due to its unique taste, can be used as a folk medicine to treat hypertension, chronic nephritis, constipation, and pharyngitis [ 17 ]. The peel that is discarded as a by-product during the processing of Chinese water chestnut, constitutes approximately 20% (w/w) of the whole fruit, so the recycle of the Chinese water chestnut peel (CWCP) is beneficial to the environment and economy [ 17 ].…”

“…Chinese water chestnut ( Eleocharis dulcis ), one of the favorite foods in Asia due to its unique taste, can be used as a folk medicine to treat hypertension, chronic nephritis, constipation, and pharyngitis [ 17 ]. The peel that is discarded as a by-product during the processing of Chinese water chestnut, constitutes approximately 20% (w/w) of the whole fruit, so the recycle of the Chinese water chestnut peel (CWCP) is beneficial to the environment and economy [ 17 ]. Previous studies on the activity of CWCP have shown that its flavonoids have antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and nitrite scavenging functions [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Static Headspace GC-MS Analysis for Volatile Components in Eleocharis Tuberosa Peel

“…This plant is a widespread species native to fresh-water or brackish marshes of the old world tropics from adagascar to India, south-eastern Asia, the Philippines, Malaya, Indonesia, Melanesia and Fiji [1][2] . In China, It is estimated that the annual production of E. tuberosa was about 900,000 tons in 2015 [3] . The fruits of water chestnuts contain high starch levels and are most often eaten after boiling or are used as sources of alcohol [4] .…”

“…E. tuberosa has also been used as a folk medicine to treat hypertension, chronic nephritis, constipation, pharyngitis, laryngitis and enteritis [6][7] . In recent years, fresh-cut E. tuberosa corms are in high demand because of their unique taste and medicinal properties [3] . A large number of peels were wasted.…”