Introduction While the use of e-learning tools in medical education is guided by robust literature on their design and evaluation, there is sparse literature on strategies that maximize their adoption among trainees. Methods In this scoping review, we searched Web of Science for studies on technology adoption theories as applied to education, using a final censoring date of August 1, 2021. Results Based on our findings, we identified three representative theories: (1) technology acceptance model, (2) technology adoption life cycle, and (3) domestication theory. Discussion We describe these theories in detail, examine their prior applications, and propose specific uses within medical e-learning.