Assessment of the suitability of gravel wash mud as raw material for the synthesis of an alkali-activated binder

Thapa, Vishojit Bahadur; Waldmann, Danièle; Wagner, Jean-Frank; André, Luc

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2018.04.025

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Almost any type of mud can be used for construction once all the properties are tested and validated and the required ingredients added. Recently investigated mud materials include gravel wash muds (GWM) [ 11 , 12 ] and waste mud from gravel quarries. These refer to wet deposits that are generated during the extraction of gravel and the gravel aggregates in addition to sand washing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mud-Based Construction Material: Promising Properties of French Gravel Wash Mud Mixed with Byproducts, Seashells and Fly Ash as a Binder

et al. 2021

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The French gravel industry produces approximatively 6.5 million tons of gravel wash mud each year. This material offers very promising properties which require an in-depth characterization study before its use as a construction material, otherwise it is removed from value cycles by disposal in landfills. We examined the suitability of gravel wash mud and seashells, with fly ash as a binder, as an unfired earth construction material. Thermal and mechanical characterizations of the smart mixture composed of gravel wash mud, Crepidula fornicata shells and fly ash are performed. The new specimens exhibit high compressive strengths compared to usual earth construction materials, which appears as a good opportunity for a reduction in the thickness of walls. The use of fly ash and Crepidula shells in addition to gravel wash mud provides high silica and calcium contents, which both react with clay, leading to the formation of tobermorite and Al-tobermorite as a result of a pozzolanic reaction. Considering the reduction in porosity and improvements in strength, these new materials are good candidates to contribute significantly to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and reduce carbon emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mud-Based Construction Material: Promising Properties of French Gravel Wash Mud Mixed with Byproducts, Seashells and Fly Ash as a Binder

et al. 2021

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“…The increase of the calcination temperature led to the transformation of the clay minerals into XRD amorphous phases. Two dehydroxylation phases can be pointed out with kaolinite entirely transformed to metakaolinite at temperatures below 750°C, whereas illite shifts towards amorphous phases above 850°C [40]. In addition, the quantity of muscovite is reduced above 750°C into a crystalline meta-phase, namely KAl3Si3O11.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterisation Of the Cured Bindersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Alternative SCMs comprise rice husk [27][28][29], industrially processed clays [30,31], calcined clay-brick wastes [32][33][34][35], volcanic tuffs [36,37], pumices [20], modified reservoir sludge [38][39][40], waste expanded perlite [41] and more [42][43][44][45][46].…”

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical analysis (Table 2) confirms that the GWM is an aluminosilicate-rich material, which presents an elemental composition with high silica (SiO2), medium alumina (Al2O3) and low iron oxide (Fe2O3) contents. Table 2: Chemical composition of UGWM, CGWM and OPC powders 3.1.2 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis a simultaneous thermal analysis (STA or TG-DSC) Figure 3 illustrates the X-ray diffraction pattern of UGWM and the analysis reveals the presence of amorphous material, quartz, muscovite, illite, kaolinite, hematite and KAl3Si3O11 in the GWM-based powders [40]. The quantitative analysis (Table 3), which was carried out based on the method described…”

Section: Microstructural Characterisation Of the Cured Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gravel wash mud, a quarry waste material as supplementary cementitious material (SCM)

Thapa

Waldmann

Simon

2019

Cement and Concrete Research

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The suitability of gravel wash mud (GWM), a sludge waste from gravel quarrying, is examined for its use as a partial Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) clinker substitute. The gravel wash mud was dried, milled into a fine powder and calcined at 750°C, 850°C and 950°C. In this study, various characterisation methods including particle size distribution (PSD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) were applied on the calcined GWM powders to determine the optimal calcination temperature. Over 200 specimens were prepared based on different cement paste and mortar mixes to investigate the potential of calcined GWM powders as SCMs. The pozzolanic activity of the GWM powders was verified by applying strength-based evaluation methods, simultaneous thermal analysis and SEM on hardened samples. Very promising strengthenhancing capacities were observed for samples containing GWM powders calcined at 850°C with a OPC replacement level of 20 wt.%.

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“…On this basis, and with new circular economy trends, in recent years research lines have been developed based on the creation of construction materials with the incorporation of waste [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Thus, it is possible to reduce the extraction of virgin materials and to take advantage of waste from other industries [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Geopolymers as Substitutes for Traditional Ceramics for Bricks with Chamotte and Biomass Bottom Ash

et al. 2021

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The greater environmental awareness, new environmental regulations and the optimization of resources make possible the development of sustainable materials as substitutes for the traditional materials used in construction. In this work, geopolymers were developed as substitutes to traditional ceramics for brick manufacture, using as raw materials: chamotte, as a source of aluminosilicate, and biomass bottom ashes from the combustion of almond shell and alpeorujo (by-product produced in the extraction of olive oil composed of solid parts of the olive and vegetable fats), as the alkaline activator. For the feasibility study, samples were made of all possible combinations of both residues from 100% chamotte to 100% biomass bottom ash. The tests carried out on these sample families were the usual physical tests for ceramic materials, notably the compression strength test, as well as colorimetric tests. The freezing test was also carried out to study the in-service behavior of the different sample groups. The families with acceptable results were subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The results of the previous tests showed that the geopolymer was indeed created for the final families and that acceptable mechanical and aging properties were obtained according to European standards. Therefore, the possibility of creating geopolymers with chamotte and biomass bottom ashes as substitutes for conventional ceramics was confirmed, developing an economical, sustainable material, without major changes in equipment and of similar quality to those traditionally used for bricks.

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Assessment of the suitability of gravel wash mud as raw material for the synthesis of an alkali-activated binder

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Mud-Based Construction Material: Promising Properties of French Gravel Wash Mud Mixed with Byproducts, Seashells and Fly Ash as a Binder

Mud-Based Construction Material: Promising Properties of French Gravel Wash Mud Mixed with Byproducts, Seashells and Fly Ash as a Binder

Gravel wash mud, a quarry waste material as supplementary cementitious material (SCM)

Development of Geopolymers as Substitutes for Traditional Ceramics for Bricks with Chamotte and Biomass Bottom Ash

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