Biomarkers of Pesticide - Contaminated Environment

Otitoju, Olawale; Onwurah, Ikechukwu N. E.

doi:10.5772/20404

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…38 The decline in BChE level can cause the delay in the metabolism of some of clinically significant compounds, such as succinylcholine, procaine, mivacurium, cocaineand heroin, etc. 39 Depressed level of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) levels in spray operators/farmers in comparison to their respective controls in this study confirms the adverse impact of exposure of organophosphates to these populations. This theory is further strengthened by the findings significant variations in the values those using protective measures as compared to those not using any of these.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Chemical Biomarker Study of Negative Physiological Effects of Insecticides on Pakistani Farm Workers Health in the Central Punjab

Shahzad¹,

Yaqub²,

Shaukat³

et al. 2016

Annals KEMU

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Background: In recent decades, use of pesticides in agricultural practices has posed threat to human population. Objectives: Present research was designed to explore the adverse effects of insecticides on 339 individuals (study group farmers n = 256 and control n = 83) selected from 62 different sites of central Punjab. The sample was matched on socio-economic status and age. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was used to

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Chemical Biomarker Study of Negative Physiological Effects of Insecticides on Pakistani Farm Workers Health in the Central Punjab

Shahzad¹,

Yaqub²,

Shaukat³

et al. 2016

Annals KEMU

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“…Oxidative stress is a threat to well-being. [15] The antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) serve as a primary line of defense in destroying the free radicals[16] produced by oxidative stress. SOD reduces the radical superoxide (O 2 -) to form hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ); then, CAT and GPx work simultaneously with the protein glutathione to reduce H 2 O 2 and ultimately produce water (H 2 O).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbon: Implications in lung lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rat

2012

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Objective:Various studies have implicated automobile exhausts as risk factors in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases; however, there is little or no documentation on the role of the main source of the exhausts, petroleum hydrocarbons, on cardiopulmonary pathologies. Thus, we investigated the effect of petroleum hydrocarbons, using various petroleum products, on histomorphology of the lung and the role of lipid peroxidation in it.Materials and Methods:Control rats were not exposed to any of the petroleum products, whereas petrol-exposed, diesel-exposed, and kerosene-exposed rats were exposed to petrol, diesel, and kerosene by inhalation, respectively.Results:Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons significantly induced lipid peroxidation with a consequent rise in malondialdehyde (MDA), and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) level. Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons also caused an alteration in the histomorphology of lung tissues.Conclusion:Our findings imply that exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons by inhalation is a risk factor in the pathophysiology of pulmonary dysfunction. This is associated with oxidative stress.

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“…This would lead to an increased generation of glutathione (GSH). The subsequent decrease in GST activity at higher concentrations and increasing exposure periods could be a result of the reduced efficiency of the detoxification mechanism of the liver [62].…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Response Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-Cyfluthrin-Induced Hepatic Alterations in Zebrafish: Enzymatic Profiles and Oxidative Stress Responses

Kadiru,

D’Souza

2024

UPJOZ

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Beta-Cyfluthrin is a widely used pesticide belonging to class of synthetic pyrethroids which affects the central and peripheral nervous systems. The current study investigates the impact of beta-Cyfluthrin on the biochemical parameters of liver of zebrafish (Danio sp.). Adult zebrafish were exposed to concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L of beta-Cyfluthrin for acute (96 hours) and chronic (21 days) exposure periods respectively (n=20). It was observed that exposure to beta-Cyfluthrin led to variations in biochemical markers in both acute and chronic exposure groups. Liver function tests revealed significant elevated activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) at exposure concentrations of 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L of beta-Cyfluthrin in both acute and chronic groups, while acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity decreased significantly at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L in the chronic group. Lipid peroxidation exhibited a concentration and time-dependent increase with significant difference at 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L in both acute and chronic groups, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (PER) levels declined significantly in both acute and chronic exposure groups at exposure concentrations of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L for SOD and 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L for PER. Catalase (CAT) initially increased significantly in acute groups of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L but decreased in chronic ones. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels exhibited a significant increase at lower concentrations of 0.25 µg/L but a decrease at higher concentrations, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L of beta-Cyfluthrin. The level of significance were considered at p<0.05 and p<0.01. This research suggests that exposure to beta-Cyfluthrin leads to hepatic damage in adult zebrafish. This indicates a potential risk to non-target aquatic fauna, through runoff where beta-Cyfluthrin is used as an agricultural pesticide.

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Biomarkers of Pesticide - Contaminated Environment

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Chemical Biomarker Study of Negative Physiological Effects of Insecticides on Pakistani Farm Workers Health in the Central Punjab

Chemical Biomarker Study of Negative Physiological Effects of Insecticides on Pakistani Farm Workers Health in the Central Punjab

Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbon: Implications in lung lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rat

Beta-Cyfluthrin-Induced Hepatic Alterations in Zebrafish: Enzymatic Profiles and Oxidative Stress Responses

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