Bone Mineral Density in Obese Children

Abstract

Total body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) can be used as an specific method of measuring body composition to identify the individual risk of metabolic complications in children.Objective: To investigate serum leptin level and its relationship with bone mineral density in obese children. Materials and methods:91 children with obesity (male / female = 52/39, mean age 12,81 ± 0,5 years) were involved. DEXA was used to determine bone mineral density and body composition. BMI were average 95 percentile for age and sex. Serum leptin was measured using ELISA by "DRG Diagnostics" (USA). All the data were performed non-parametric (ANOVA, test of Mann-Whitney U) and parametric (t-Student criterion) methods. Results:The mean BMI m/f (29,7 ± 0,68/28,3 ± 0,52 kg/m 2 ) (p = 0,05).A significant gender differences were revealed in "total body" criteria, more pronounced in girls. Decrease of the mineral density by Z-score(-2,5 Standard Deviation) were found in 20% of boys and 22% of girls at puberty age. A correlation bone mineral density and lean mass were observed in prepubertal (r = 0,9) and early pubertal (r = 0,79) boys groups. This correlations wasn't noted in girls. Serum leptin level was positively correlated with mineral density (m / f) prepubertal (r = 0,3 / 0,46), early pubertal (r = 0,32 / 0,49), pubertal (r = 0,4 / 0,58) groups, more expressed in girls (p> 0,01).Conclusions: Serum leptin level was positively correlated with mineral density. A lean mass was significantly correlated with mineral density in boys.

Longitudinal associations between bone and adipose tissue biochemical markers with bone mineralization in boys during puberty

“…It is well known that adipose tissue produces different adipokines [ 18 ] that could mediate associations between bone and adipose tissue [ 19 – 21 ]. There are studies that have found no [ 22 ] or positive [ 19 ] associations between leptin and bone mineralization in male and female adolescents. A longitudinal study of Sayers et al [ 23 ] showed an inverse association between adiponectin and bone mineral parameters in 9.9 to 15.5 year-old girls and boys.…”

Leptin levels were negatively associated with lumbar spine bone mineral content in children with overweight or obesity

“…A previous observational study found a positive correlation between leptin levels and total body areal bone mineral density in obese prepubertal, early pubertal and late pubertal children 10 . These opposite results could be explained by the fact that Vishnevskaya and Solntsava did not control by potential cofounders.…”

“…[10][11][12] Several studies have found a positive association between leptin levels and bone mineral characteristics in children affected by obesity. 10 However, other studies reported no association in adolescent girls 11 and boys 12 after controlling for potential confounders, such as age, lean mass, fat mass and sexual maturation. With regards to adiponectin, the relationship with bone in children is also controversial.…”

Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Declines in Response to an Oral Glucose Load and Is Correlated with Vitamin D and BMI but Not Diabetes Status in Children and Young Adults

“…Several other adipokines have been investigated for their roles in bone metabolism. For example, leptin has been found to have no [30] or a positive [31] association with bone mineralization in adolescents. In contrast, higher adiponectin was associated with lower bone mass before and during puberty [31].…”

“…For example, leptin has been found to have no [30] or a positive [31] association with bone mineralization in adolescents. In contrast, higher adiponectin was associated with lower bone mass before and during puberty [31]. However, study results vary considerably and the significance of these interactions remains to be clarified.…”