Carbon black vs. black carbon and other airborne materials containing elemental carbon: Physical and chemical distinctions

Long, Christopher M.; Nascarella, Marc A.; Valberg, Peter A.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.009

Cited by 418 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Carbon black (CB) (Elftex 124, Cabot Corp) was used as an example of a non-silicate particle that has a well-characterised molecular structure. A summary of the samples used in this study is provided in Table 1. CB is distinct from the material commonly referred to as black carbon (BC) (Watson and Valberg, 2001;Long et al, 2013). CB has a characteristic particle morphology that consists of spherical primary particles fused into aciniform (grape-like) aggregates which cluster into larger-sized agglomerates.…”

Section: Dust Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online differentiation of mineral phase in aerosol particles by ion formation mechanism using a LAAP-TOF single-particle mass spectrometer

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Mineralogy of silicate mineral dust has a strong influence on climate and ecosystems due to variation in physiochemical properties that result from differences in composition and crystal structure (mineral phase). Traditional offline methods of analysing mineral phase are labour intensive and the temporal resolution of the data is much longer than many atmospheric processes. Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) is an established technique for the online size-resolved measurement of particle composition by laser desorption ionisation (LDI) followed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). Although non-quantitative, the technique is able to identify the presence of silicate minerals in airborne dust particles from markers of alkali metals and silicate molecular ions in the mass spectra. However, the differentiation of mineral phase in silicate particles by traditional mass spectral peak area measurements is not possible. This is because instrument function and matrix effects in the ionisation process result in variations in instrument response that are greater than the differences in composition between common mineral phases.In this study, we introduce a novel technique that enables the differentiation of mineral phase in silicate mineral particles by ion formation mechanism measured from subtle changes in ion arrival times at the TOF-MS detector. Using a combination of peak area and peak centroid measurements, we show that the arrangement of the interstitial alkali metals in the crystal structure, an important property in silicate mineralogy, influences the ion arrival times of elemental and molecular ion species in the negative ion mass spectra. A classification scheme is presented that allowed for the differentiation of illite-smectite, kaolinite and feldspar minerals on a single-particle basis. Online analysis of mineral dust aerosol generated from clay mineral standards produced mineral fractions that are in agreement with bulk measurements reported by traditional XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis.

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Section: Dust Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online differentiation of mineral phase in aerosol particles by ion formation mechanism using a LAAP-TOF single-particle mass spectrometer

et al. 2018

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“…Additionally, CB can be used as coatings, papers ink and cosmetics. CB can be produced by the following processes: "furnace," "channel," and "acetylene" [16,17]. The most useful process is the "furnace," which produces more than 80% of the CB in the world.…”

Section: Considerations On Carbon Black Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanostructured Carbon Black: A Review

Silva

Moraes

Janegitz

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

133

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Carbon black (CB) is a nanostructured material widely used in several industrial processes. This nanomaterial features a set of remarkable properties including high surface area, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and very low cost. Several studies have explored the applicability of CB in electrochemical fields. Recent data showed that modified electrodes based on CB present fast charge transfer and high electroactive surface area, comparable to carbon nanotubes and graphene. These characteristics make CB a promising candidate for the design of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the use of CB as a template for biosensing. As will be seen, we discuss the main biosensing strategies adopted for enzymatic catalysis for several target analytes, such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and environmental contaminants. Recent applications of CB on DNA-based biosensors are also described. Finally, future challenges and trends of CB use in bioanalytical chemistry are discussed.

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“…In the structural studies, graphite-like and the diamond-like hybrid orbital composition, mainly drive the properties of carbon allotropes (Osswald et al, 2006). The same theoretical aspects are also applied to the soot and "carbon black" particles, which are generally produced by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon fuel (Long et al, 2013). The content and proportion of the hybrid orbital bonds determine the mechanical properties such as hardness, electrical conductivity, and heat conductivity (Falcao and Wudl, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Layers Prepared using Candle Soot by Direct- and Spray-based Depositions

Faizal

Khairunnisa

Yokote

et al. 2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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To investigate the properties and structures of soot particles derived from candle combustion, two deposition routes were performed. In "Route-1," the aerosol (soot) particles were collected by direct exposure of a substrate in a chamber with controlled airflows. In "Route-2," deposited soot nanoparticles was transferred into suspension and subsequently, the deposition of particles on to the substrate was achieved by an electrospray. Raman spectral analysis has shown the difference of G-band intensity relative to D-band between hydrophobic and hydrophilic particle layers obtained from different collection regions of the candle flame. It also reveals the effect of airflows during the collection to the ratio of the D to G peak. Meanwhile, the Raman spectra of the particles seem invariant to the preparation methods of suspension and electrospray deposition process. From the curve gradient of spectroscopy (190-2500 nm) results, the electrospraydeposited particle layers (Route-2) show higher absorbance in the near-infrared region compared to direct-deposited particle layers (Route-1). This change in the spectrum may due to the change in morphology of nanoparticle layers formed by each route.

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Carbon black vs. black carbon and other airborne materials containing elemental carbon: Physical and chemical distinctions

Cited by 418 publications

References 77 publications

Online differentiation of mineral phase in aerosol particles by ion formation mechanism using a LAAP-TOF single-particle mass spectrometer

Online differentiation of mineral phase in aerosol particles by ion formation mechanism using a LAAP-TOF single-particle mass spectrometer

Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanostructured Carbon Black: A Review

Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Layers Prepared using Candle Soot by Direct- and Spray-based Depositions

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