“…The antibacterial ability of Ketapang extract is from the antibacterial compounds containing flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. [15][16][17] Moreover, the antibacterial working mechanism of Ketapang extract began with the dismantling of the bacterial cell wall by flavonoids. Flavonoids that penetrated the cell wall caused damage to the permeability of bacterial cells as impaired permeability would cause the destroyed microsomes and lysosomes.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As for saponins, its mechanism damages the bacteria's cell membranes, releasing important components, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and nucleotides; thus, bacteria turn into lysed. [12][13][14][15][16] Previous studies have discussed the antibacterial activity of Ketapang against various bacteria, 17 but none has discussed its antibacterial activity against APEC. This study aimed to determine the activity of Ketapang extract (Terminalia cattapa L.) in layers infected with APEC.…”
This study aimed to determine the activity of Ketapang extract (Terminalia cattapa L.) in layers infected with APEC. In vitro study that was conducted dilution methods using Ketapang extract at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% concentrations. In vivo study was conducted by randomly dividing 20 layers into five treatment groups, four per group. The chickens (except in group P0−) were infected with APEC aged 24 weeks. Then, the treatment was conducted according to the divided groups in one week. The said treatments are P0− (uninfected APEC and unadministered with Ketapang extract), P0+ (infected with APEC and unadministered with Ketapang extract), and P1, P2, and P3 (infected with APEC and administered with Ketapang extract with 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations, respectively). The data from layers' performance were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test. The dilution method (MIC and MBC) exhibited the antibacterial ability of Ketapang extract against APEC at 5% dose. The Ketapang extract administration in layers exhibited improved performance of chickens infected with APEC, with the administration of 10% dose of Ketapang extract showing the best result. In summary, about 10% concentration Ketapang extract can serve as an antibacterial agent and showed the best results in layers infected with APEC.
“…The antibacterial ability of Ketapang extract is from the antibacterial compounds containing flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. [15][16][17] Moreover, the antibacterial working mechanism of Ketapang extract began with the dismantling of the bacterial cell wall by flavonoids. Flavonoids that penetrated the cell wall caused damage to the permeability of bacterial cells as impaired permeability would cause the destroyed microsomes and lysosomes.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As for saponins, its mechanism damages the bacteria's cell membranes, releasing important components, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and nucleotides; thus, bacteria turn into lysed. [12][13][14][15][16] Previous studies have discussed the antibacterial activity of Ketapang against various bacteria, 17 but none has discussed its antibacterial activity against APEC. This study aimed to determine the activity of Ketapang extract (Terminalia cattapa L.) in layers infected with APEC.…”
This study aimed to determine the activity of Ketapang extract (Terminalia cattapa L.) in layers infected with APEC. In vitro study that was conducted dilution methods using Ketapang extract at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% concentrations. In vivo study was conducted by randomly dividing 20 layers into five treatment groups, four per group. The chickens (except in group P0−) were infected with APEC aged 24 weeks. Then, the treatment was conducted according to the divided groups in one week. The said treatments are P0− (uninfected APEC and unadministered with Ketapang extract), P0+ (infected with APEC and unadministered with Ketapang extract), and P1, P2, and P3 (infected with APEC and administered with Ketapang extract with 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations, respectively). The data from layers' performance were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test. The dilution method (MIC and MBC) exhibited the antibacterial ability of Ketapang extract against APEC at 5% dose. The Ketapang extract administration in layers exhibited improved performance of chickens infected with APEC, with the administration of 10% dose of Ketapang extract showing the best result. In summary, about 10% concentration Ketapang extract can serve as an antibacterial agent and showed the best results in layers infected with APEC.
“…Recently, an aqueous extract from T. Increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) translocation and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway were detected in the leaves of Wistar rats fed a fatty diet, which suggests that these plants are active in processes such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes [ 13 ]. Likewise, T. catappa extract also showed a cardioprotective effect in rats through the modulation of respiratory and lysosomal biomarkers [ 14 ]. Fig.…”
“…[13][14][15] The bioactive chemicals present in T chebula are phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, tannins, and flavonoids 16 eg, gallic acid, 17 ellagic acid, 18 and chebulinic acid. 19 T chebula has been found to be beneficial in treating various diseases, owing to its antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, 20 cardiac protective, 21 blood glucose-modulating, 22 and anticancer effects. 23 Additionally, T chebula has been demonstrated to possess chemotherapeutic properties against infectious diseases [24][25][26] and protective effects on various organs and systems, including neurons, 27 kidney, 28 liver, 29 and stomach, 30 as well as skin wound healing.…”
Background Terminalia chebula Retz. var. chebula ( T chebula) has been traditionally used as a crude drug for treating various diseases, including skin disorders. This study aimed to investigate the potential antioxidant effects and antitumorigenic activity of an aqueous extract from the fruit of T chebula. Methods The extract's total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests, respectively. The 2 ´,7 ´-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate assay was employed to evaluate the extract's ability to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in U-937 human monocytic cell lines which had been treated with hydrogen peroxide for 30 min. Male ICR mice ( n = 30, 5 groups) were used to investigate the influence of T chebula extract on dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced carcinogenesis. After 20 weeks of treatment with T chebula extract, tumor incidence, size, and number were assessed. The major phenolic compounds in the extract were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by post hoc least significant difference test. Results T chebula extract effectively reduced intracellular ROS and scavenged antioxidants in vitro. The IC50 values of the extract as measured by DPPH and FRAP assays were 109.0 ± 14.5 μg/mL and 2.39 ± 0.17 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, 4 mg of T chebula extract significantly decreased the incidence, volume, and number of tumors in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. Conclusion T chebula extract effectively reduced intracellular ROS, and significantly decreased the incidence, volume, and number of tumors in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. These findings suggest that T chebula extract could be a promising therapeutic agent for skin tumors and other oxidative stress-related diseases.
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