Civil-Military Relations in Indonesia after the Reform Period

Sebastian, Leonard C.; Syailendra, Emirza Adi; Marzuki, Keoni Indrabayu

doi:10.1353/asp.2018.0041

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Misalnya, menurut Haripin (2020) militer di Indonesia tetap menjalankan peran politik dalam bentuk baru namun dengan cara-cara lebih halus. Menurut Sebastian et al (2018) relasi politik elit militer dan sipil di Indonesia sudah mengambil bentuk-bentuk berkarakteristik "need-based and transactional fusionism" yang mana militer menjadi sepantar alih-alih berada di bawah supremasi sipil. Mietzner (2006) berargumen bahwa relasi tersebut dibangun atas pondasi kebutuhan elit politik sipil terhadap peran dan dukungan elit militer dalam menyelesaikan konflik politik internal.…”

Section: Kebijakan Pertahanan Dan Keamanan Negara Maritimunclassified

Membangun Kebijakan Pertahanan Maritim Indonesia: Telaah Kritis Fungsi Keamanan Laut Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut

Sumadinata

2022

IJD

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The development of security dynamics in the Southeast Asia region shows the existence of two significant threats which are traditional and non-traditional threats. In Indonesia, one of the threats to security is the great power rivalry between the United States and China. The great power rivalry between these two states has the potential to escalate into an open war which can happen in Indonesia and involve Indonesia. This threat potential means that the Indonesian Navy needs to have operational readiness in the event of a naval war and that development and deployment of a battle-ready navy is needed. This article argues that the Indonesian Navy and other stakeholders in formulating maritime defence policy are not yet able to optimally develop and deploy the Indonesian Navy’s power to be ready for naval warfare. This is caused by the Indonesian Navy’s weak autonomy in formulating the maritime defence policy and Indonesia’s strategic culture that tends to focus on non-traditional security threats. This causes the Indonesian Navy to tend to develop and be deployed in non-traditional security settings rather than be developed and deployed for naval battle.Keywords: Defence policy; maritime security; Indonesian Navy; naval battle; non-traditional security AbstrakPerkembangan dinamika keamanan kawasan Asia Tenggara menunjukkan adanya dua ancaman besar yaitu ancaman keamanan tradisional dan ancaman keamanan non-tradisional. Salah satu ancaman keamanan tradisional yang mengancam Indonesia, khususnya pada sektor maritim, adalah great power rivalry yang terjadi antara AS dan Tiongkok. Great power rivalry yang terjadi antara dua negara tersebut berpotensi tereskalasi menjadi perang terbuka yang dapat terjadi di perairan Indonesia dan melibatkan Indonesia. Kemungkikan tersebut berarti TNI AL perlu memiliki kesiapan dalam menghadapi pertempuran laut sehingga pengembangan dan gelar kekuatan laut menjadi aspek penting dalam pembuatan kebijakan pertahanan maritim nasional. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa TNI AL dan stakeholder lainnya dalam formulasi kebijakan pertahanan maritim belum mampu melakukan pengembangan dan gelar kekuatan pertempuran laut dengan optimal. Hal ini disebabkan oleh lemahnya otonomi TNI AL dalam formulasi kebijakan pertahanan maritim dan budaya stratejik Indonesia yang cenderung mengedepankan isu keamanan non-tradisional sehingga TNI AL justru lebih banyak menjalankan fungsi keamanan internal dan non-tradisional dibandingkan mengembangkan kemampuan tempurKata Kunci: Kebijakan pertahanan; keamanan maritim; TNI AL; pertempuran laut; keamanan non-tradisional.

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Section: Kebijakan Pertahanan Dan Keamanan Negara Maritimunclassified

Membangun Kebijakan Pertahanan Maritim Indonesia: Telaah Kritis Fungsi Keamanan Laut Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut

Sumadinata

2022

IJD

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“…Unlike the New Order era, military involvement in civilian affairs is not dominated by the active military. Jokowi has reverted to Indonesia's traditional power source by appointing retired generals to strategic ministries positions such as presidential chief of staff, defense minister, and head of the state intelligence agency (Sebastian, Syailendra, and Maryuki 2018).…”

Section: The Regaining Of Military Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ratification of Omnibus Law: A Sign of Democratic Deconsolidation in Indonesia

Arifin

Nugroho

Cortés

et al. 2022

JSW J. Sosiol. Walisongo

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Indonesia as a post-authoritarian democratic country has made impressive progress in its democratic transition. However, there is a significant contradiction in the democratic process, particularly in policy and law-making. This article queries to what extent democratic deconsolidation contributes to the ratification of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative method by using academic literature, news analysis, and official government documents. The study employs various theoretical approaches, including horizontal accountability by Wolfgang Merkel, discursive participation by Jürgen Habermas, and democratic civil-military relations by Samuel Huntington. The first finding shows that the accumulation of Joko Widodo's political power has affected the quality of debate and the agreement during the deliberation of the Omnibus Law in the parliament. Second, the opaque process by limiting public participation has narrowed the space for the democratic mobilization of the citizens. Third, the increasing number of retired armed forces in domestic affairs has resulted in the dual function of military power in securing the country and the economic development agenda. The study shows that the deconsolidation of democracy has contributed to the ratification of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation which was deliberated through a non-transparent mechanism.

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“…The Armed Forces (TNI) has also gained relatively greater influence during Jokowi administration. TNI has been involved in non-military domains, including counterterrorism (Singh, 2016), food security, wildfire, and various other civil domains (Gunawan, 2017;Sebastian, Syailendra, & Marzuki, 2018;Laksmana, 2019a;Laksmana, 2019b). Scholars have argued that it happened because Jokowi is a president without his own political party and therefore needs the support of a wider national security establishment to carry out his agenda (Laksmana, 2019a).…”

Section: Securitization (And Militarization) In Indonesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Indonesian Government’s COVID-19 Measures, January–May 2020: Late Response and Public Health Securitization

Chairil

2021

JSP

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The Indonesian government’s measures to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can be characterized by late response due to initial de-securitization of the issue, and later securitization that limits its very efficacy in restricting the spread of the pandemic. This article uses securitization theory to analyze the government’s measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses how the government’s increasing reliance on military figures and national security agencies influences the measures used to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This study finds that initially, the government seemed to be trying to de-securitize the issue, denying warnings that the virus might have existed undetected in Indonesia. Then, after the first cases were confirmed in March 2020, the government responded by securitizing the issue. The delay in the government’s response to COVID-19 caused the audience to not fully accept the government’s securitization efforts because public trust in the government’s measures was already low, while the means of emergency action taken by the government against the threat of COVID-19 are also limited. The government has also been overly reliant on influential military figures and national security agencies. The government also tended to downgrade the threats, lack transparency, and even use the pandemic to crack down on anti-government smears. This article concludes that the government needs to change their approach to COVID-19 measures and prioritize the human security dimension by not downgrading the threats and upholding transparency.

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Civil-Military Relations in Indonesia after the Reform Period

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Membangun Kebijakan Pertahanan Maritim Indonesia: Telaah Kritis Fungsi Keamanan Laut Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut

Membangun Kebijakan Pertahanan Maritim Indonesia: Telaah Kritis Fungsi Keamanan Laut Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut

The Ratification of Omnibus Law: A Sign of Democratic Deconsolidation in Indonesia

Indonesian Government’s COVID-19 Measures, January–May 2020: Late Response and Public Health Securitization

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