Coix Seed: A Review of Its Physicochemical Composition, Bioactivity, Processing, Application, Functionality, and Safety Aspects

Igbokwe, Chidimma Juliet; Wei, Mei; Feng, Yiyu; Duan, Yuqing; Ma, Haile; Zhang, Haihui

doi:10.1080/87559129.2021.1892129

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Adlay alleviated the osteoporotic status in ovariectomized mice by increasing the proliferation of osteoblast cells via an extracellular, signal-regulated, kinase-regulated signaling pathway [ 13 , 111 ].…”

Section: Action Pathway Against Disease Of Adlaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water extract of adlay [13,79] Neuroprotection Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis in dPC12 cells was associated with the enhancement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway Water extract of adlay hull…”

Section: Melanogenesis Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adlay contains oils, polysaccharides, phenols, coixol, phytosterols, resistant starch, flavonoids, lactams, fatty acids and esters, proteins, vitamins, triterpenes, alkaloids, fibers, and other compounds, which can treat many chronic diseases (cancers, hypertension, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, anti-obesity, anti-inflammation, and rheumatoid arthritis; it can also enhance immunity, regulate intestinal flora, stimulate reproductive hormones, promote uterine contraction, modulate gut microbiota, and act as an anti-oxidant). In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used to remove dampness and for diuresis [ 6 , 12 , 13 ]. Therefore, these effects suggest that the health effects of adlay are the result of the long-term coevolution of human Coicis Semen as food; however, the lack of a systematic understandings of functional ingredients in adlay remains an issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Actional Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Functional Food Adlay for Human Health

Zeng

Yang²,

Chen

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Medicinal and food homologous adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) plays an important role in natural products promoting human health. We demonstrated the systematic actional mechanism of functional ingredients in adlay to promote human health, based on the PubMed, CNKI, Google, and ISI Web of Science databases from 1988 to 2022. Adlay and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients with more than 20 health effects based on human and animal or cell cultures: they are anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, liver protective, anti-virus, gastroprotective, cardiovascular protective, anti-hypertension, heart disease preventive, melanogenesis inhibiting, anti-allergy, endocrine regulating, anti-diabetes, anti-cachexia, osteoporosis preventive, analgesic, neuroprotecting, suitable for the treatment of gout arthritis, life extending, anti-fungi, and detoxifying effects. Function components with anti-oxidants are rich in adlay. These results support the notion that adlay seeds may be one of the best functional foods and further reveal the action mechanism of six major functional ingredients (oils, polysaccharides, phenols, phytosterols, coixol, and resistant starch) for combating diseases. This review paper not only reveals the action mechanisms of adding adlay to the diet to overcome 17 human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional foods and drugs for the treatment of human diseases.

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Section: Action Pathway Against Disease Of Adlaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water extract of adlay [13,79] Neuroprotection Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis in dPC12 cells was associated with the enhancement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway Water extract of adlay hull…”

Section: Melanogenesis Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Actional Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Functional Food Adlay for Human Health

Zeng

Yang²,

Chen

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…Beberapa komponen bioaktif yang dikandung jali-jali adalah coixenolide, coixol, polifenol, fitosterol, karotenoid, spiroenon dan laktam (Zhu, 2017). Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa kandungan jali-jali memiliki manfaat kesehatan termasuk diantaranya adalah antioksidan (Igbokwe et al, 2021), anti-kanker (Zhang et al, 2020), anti-inflamasi, antialergi, meningkatkan aktivitas imunologi, mengatur fungsi-fungsi endokrin (Huang et al, 2009), anti-obesitas (Ha et al, 2010), anti-diabetes, gastroproteksi (Chung et al, 2011), hypolipidemia (Feng et al, 2020), dan modulasi mikrobiota usus (Li et al, 2019).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Proximate Composition, Crude Fiber and Organoleptic Evaluation of Mixed Tempeh from Soybean and Jali-jali

Nasrulloh

Amar

Simanungkalit

2021

JIPHP

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Tempeh is made from soybeans, but it can be made from a variety of food ingredients. In addition to reducing the demand for soybeans, whose availability in the country is insufficient, the use of other ingredients as raw materials can add to the nutritional value of tempeh to become more complete. This study aims to prove the effect of yeast concentration and the effect of the proportion of soybeans and jali on the nutritional and organoleptic content of soybean and jali mixed tempeh. The design of this study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors, namely the concentration of yeast and the proportion of soybeans and jali. Each factor consists of three levels of treatment with three replications. Yeast concentration level (k) is k1 with yeast concentration added 0.1%, k2 (0.15%) and k3 (0.2%). As for the proportion of soybeans and jali (p), namely p1 the proportion of soybeans: jali-jali with a ratio of 60:40, p2 (50:50) and p3 (40:60). The results showed that yeast concentration did not affect (P> 0.05) moisture, protein content, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber content as well as organoleptic properties of tempeh. The proportion has an incredibly significant effect (P <0.05) on ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber content in tempeh. However, the proportion does not affect (P> 0.05 on ash content and organoleptic properties of tempeh. There is an interaction between yeast concentration and the proportion of tempeh to color.

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“…Coix seed, sourced from Coix ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf), a traditional Chinese medicine, is known for its various beneficial properties such as invigorating the spleen, alleviating dampness, halting diarrhea, reducing heat, and discharging pus . A compound isolated and purified from the Coix seed, named coixol ( 1 ), presents a benzoxazolinone scaffold and displays a range of biological activities such as anti-inflammation, analgesia, decreased mucin secretion, and stimulated insulin secretion. − Coixol suppresses the expression of cytokines and inflammatory mediators at high doses by inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK pathways, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while it does not affect the expression of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Coixol Derivatives as Potent Anti-inflammatory Agents

Cui

Qian

et al. 2023

J. Nat. Prod.

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Coixol, a derivative of 2-benzoxazolinone extracted from coix (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf), has demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory activity and low cytotoxicity. In this study, 26 coixol derivatives were designed and synthesized by hybridization with cinnamic acid to identify new anti-inflammatory agents. The anti-inflammatory activities of the derivatives were screened using LPS-induced overexpression of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 macrophages. On the basis of the screening results, compounds containing furan (9c) or nitrofuran (9j) moieties displayed more pronounced activity than coixol and celecoxib. Mechanistic investigations revealed that 9c and 9j suppressed the expression of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, which was associated with the inhibition of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. In vivo studies confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of 9c and 9j in a xylene-induced mice auricles edema model. The preliminary in vitro and in vivo research findings suggest that 9c and 9j have the potential to be developed as anti-inflammatory agents.

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Coix Seed: A Review of Its Physicochemical Composition, Bioactivity, Processing, Application, Functionality, and Safety Aspects

Cited by 25 publications

References 77 publications

Actional Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Functional Food Adlay for Human Health

Actional Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Functional Food Adlay for Human Health

Proximate Composition, Crude Fiber and Organoleptic Evaluation of Mixed Tempeh from Soybean and Jali-jali

Discovery of Coixol Derivatives as Potent Anti-inflammatory Agents

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