“…Recently, a conformationally restricted pyrrolidinyl PNA based on d-prolyl-2-aminocyclopentane-carboxylic acid backbones (acpcPNA) was introduced by Vilaivan and co-workers. This PNA system possessed higher binding affinity and sequence specificity toward DNA than that of Nielsen's PNA, and with a much stronger preference for the antiparallel binding mode (Ananthanawat, Vilaivan, Hoven, & Su, 2010;Suparpprom, Srisuwannaket, Sangvanich, & Vilaivan, 2005;Vilaivan & Srisuwannaket, 2006). The powerful discrimination for single mismatched DNA makes acpcPNA a potential candidate for the development of highly effective DNA biosensors, which has been continuously proven for both labeling (Boonlua, Vilaivan, Wagenknecht, & Vilaivan, 2011;Maneelun & Vilaivan, 2013;Mansawat, Boonlua, Siriwong, & Vilaivan, 2012;Rashatasakhon, Vongnam, Siripornnoppakhun, Vilaivan, & Sukwattanasinitt, 2012;Reenabthue, Boonlua, Vilaivan, Vilaivan, & Suparpprom, 2011) and non-labeling techniques (Ananthanawat, Hoven, Vilaivan, & Su, 2011;Ananthanawat, Vilaivan, Mekboonsonglarp, & Hoven, 2009;Jampasa et al, 2014;Sankoh et al, 2013;Theppaleak, Rutnakornpituk, Wichai, Vilaivan, & Rutnakornpituk, 2013a, 2013bThipmanee et al, 2012).…”